{"id":17846,"date":"2018-09-09T01:01:55","date_gmt":"2018-09-09T00:01:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=17846"},"modified":"2018-09-09T01:01:55","modified_gmt":"2018-09-09T00:01:55","slug":"cerveau-et-conscience-par-dominique-casterman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/cerveau-et-conscience-par-dominique-casterman\/","title":{"rendered":"Cerveau et conscience par Dominique Casterman"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Chapitre 6 du livre L\u2019envers de la raison 1989)\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abL’Esprit, comme th\u00e8me<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span>ou id\u00e9e<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span>ou conscience, <\/i><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span>u projet, est <\/i><\/span><\/span>forma<\/i><\/span><\/span>teur, enveloppant, anticipan<\/i><\/span><\/span>t <\/i><\/span><\/span>les str<\/i><\/span><\/span>u<\/i><\/span><\/span>ctu<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span>es de ses supports mat\u00e9riels. La Gnose est essentiellem<\/i><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span>nt <\/i><\/span><\/span>a<\/i><\/span><\/span>n<\/i><\/span><\/span>t<\/i><\/span><\/span>im<\/i><\/span><\/span>a<\/i><\/span><\/span>t\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span>a<\/i><\/span><\/span>list<\/i><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle, physique ne peut pr\u00e9c\u00e9de<\/i><\/span><\/span>r <\/i><\/span><\/span>la consc<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span>ence. La conscience est \u00e0 la fois <\/i><\/span><\/span>l\u2019<\/span><\/span>endroit et l<\/i><\/span><\/span>‘<\/i><\/span><\/span>enveloppe constituante de la <\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span>alit\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><\/span>mat\u00e9rielle.\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abIl est absurde, remarquent les G<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>n<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ost<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ques<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>de consid\u00e9rer le cerveau, et le syst\u00e8me nerveux en g\u00e9n\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>al<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>comme u<\/i><\/span><\/span>n <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>organe \u00e0 fabriquer de la conscience, \u00e0 fa<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>re qu’un o<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ga<\/i><\/span><\/span>n<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>isme <\/i><\/span><\/span>s<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>uppos<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>d’abord sans conscience devienne conscient gr\u00e2c<\/i><\/span><\/span>e \u00e0 <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ce<\/i><\/span><\/span>t <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>gane. Tou<\/i><\/span><\/span>t <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>organisme, comme toute forme individualis\u00e9e<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>est<\/i><\/span><\/span>, \u00e0 l’<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>endr<\/i><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>it<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>domaine de conscience<\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Le ce<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>veau est un organe \u00e0 <\/i><\/span><\/span>re<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>c<\/i><\/span><\/span>u<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>l<\/i><\/span><\/span>lir l<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>es \u00e9l\u00e9ments mat\u00e9riels d’information venus du monde ext\u00e9r<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span>ur <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>et<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span>n l<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>es r<\/i><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ceva<\/i><\/span><\/span>n<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>t sur le tissu vivant, \u00e0 les faire partici<\/i><\/span><\/span>p<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>er \u00e0 la \u2019\u2019subjectivit<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00e9\u2019\u2019 <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>du d<\/i><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>m<\/i><\/span><\/span>ai<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ne organique<\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Il <\/i><\/span><\/span>fait <\/i><\/span><\/span>donc appara\u00eetre, au sein de la <\/i><\/span><\/span>c<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>onsci<\/i><\/span><\/span>en<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ce que l’organisme a de lui<\/i><\/span><\/span>–<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>m\u00eame et par laquelle il \u2018\u2018voit\u2019\u2019 sa <\/i><\/span><\/span>p<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>rop<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>e fo<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>me<\/i><\/span><\/span>, u<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ne conscience perceptive par laquelle il voit la forme <\/i><\/span><\/span>d<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>‘objets ext\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>ieu<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>s.<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab <\/i><\/span><\/span>… <\/span><\/span>Le cerveau est une aire de la \u2018\u2018surface organique\u2019\u2019 pr\u00eat\u00e9e au traitement des informations exte<\/i><\/span><\/span>rn<\/i><\/span><\/span>es.\u00a0\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe cerveau fait d\u00e9borde<\/i><\/span><\/span>r l’<\/i><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span>rg<\/i><\/span><\/span>a<\/i><\/span><\/span>n<\/i><\/span><\/span>isation, instinctive et intelligente, d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l’\u0153uvre dans l<\/i><\/span><\/span>‘<\/i><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span>g<\/i><\/span><\/span>an<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span>s<\/i><\/span><\/span>me<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span>sur le monde ext\u00e9rieur. Il n’invente, en technique ex<\/i><\/span><\/span>t<\/i><\/span><\/span>e<\/i><\/span><\/span>rn<\/i><\/span><\/span>e, que pa<\/i><\/span><\/span>r <\/i><\/span><\/span>la m\u00eame invention organique par laquelle i<\/i><\/span><\/span>l <\/i><\/span><\/span>s<\/i><\/span><\/span>‘<\/i><\/span><\/span>est f<\/i><\/span><\/span>or<\/i><\/span><\/span>m\u00e9 d<\/i><\/span><\/span>‘<\/i><\/span><\/span>abord lui-m\u00eame, et selon la m\u00eame logique matricielle.<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>La conscience c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/i><\/span><\/span>e <\/i><\/span><\/span>cr\u00e9at<\/i><\/span><\/span>rice <\/i><\/span><\/span>ne peut na\u00eetre dans un organisme qui, lui, d\u00e9riverait d’u<\/i><\/span><\/span>n <\/i><\/span><\/span>fon<\/i><\/span><\/span>c<\/i><\/span><\/span>t<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span>o<\/i><\/span><\/span>nne<\/i><\/span><\/span>ment m\u00e9canique aveugle et qui, sans le savoir et stupideme<\/i><\/span><\/span>nt<\/i><\/span><\/span>, \u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span>d<\/i><\/span><\/span>ifie<\/i><\/span><\/span>ra<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span>t <\/i><\/span><\/span>un o<\/i><\/span><\/span>r<\/i><\/span><\/span>gane \u00e0 inventer.\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(R. Ruyer dans la \u2018\u2018Gnose de Prince<\/span><\/span>ton\u2019\u2019<\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au regard des pens\u00e9es misent en avant par des scientifiques participant de la <\/span><\/span>nouvelle <\/i><\/span><\/span>gnose, <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>e cerveau n’est pas la conscience, mais seulement le suppo<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>t organ<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>que de celle<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>ci d’o\u00f9 \u00e9merge une forme particuli\u00e8re de consc<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ence qui est perception des \u00e9l\u00e9ments mat\u00e9riels d’information du <\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>onde ext\u00e9rieur<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont imag\u00e9s subjectivement su<\/span><\/span>r \u2018<\/span><\/span>\u2018t<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ssu vi<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>an<\/span><\/span>t\u2019\u2019<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>te conscience percep<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>e du mo<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>de e<\/span><\/span>x<\/span><\/span>t\u00e9rieur est bien entendu d\u00e9pendante de la s<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>ructure et des fonctio<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>s c\u00e9<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>b<\/span><\/span>rales\u00a0<\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span>mais la conscience cr\u00e9atrice et originelle, \u00e0 parti<\/span><\/span>r <\/span><\/span>de l<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>lle l<\/span><\/span>e ce<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>au \u2013 comme toutes choses d’ailleurs \u2013, s’est inform\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>ui-m\u00ea<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>st, selon nous, infiniment sup\u00e9rieure, en tan<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>u’<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>est le Princip<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>fondamental de cr\u00e9ation, <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>toutes ses manifestat<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>ns form<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>le<\/span><\/span>s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le cerveau n’est-il pa<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>‘ai<\/span><\/span>lle<\/span><\/span>urs, e<\/span><\/span>n t<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>nt <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>il est lui-m\u00eame un p<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>incipe de cr\u00e9ation mentale, infiniment sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 ses mod\u00e8les, <\/span><\/span>ses <\/span><\/span>tec<\/span><\/span>hn<\/span><\/span>iques externes, puisqu’il en es<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>, en tant que source inspiratri<\/span><\/span>ce<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ncipe <\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>mmanent, et en m\u00eame temps <\/span><\/span> il trans<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>ende les cr\u00e9ations qu’il a inspir\u00e9es en ne se laissant pas absorber par les conditions limit\u00e9es et limitantes de c<\/span><\/span>ell<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>ci<\/span><\/span>. Notons que le cerveau, chez l\u2019\u00eatre humain, est ins\u00e9parable de la pens\u00e9e\u00a0; et nous pouvons admettre comme le fait Krishnamurti que la pens\u00e9e est mat\u00e9rielle car elle proc\u00e8de de l\u2019entit\u00e9 cerveau-pens\u00e9e, et m\u00eame cerveau-pens\u00e9e-perception-sentiment.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais revenons quelques instants \u00e0 cette myst\u00e9rieuse Source de l’univers, \u00e0 cette Conscience-Une indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9e qui est potentialit\u00e9 infinie <\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>t infin<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ment cr\u00e9atrice. Par sa simple pr\u00e9sence elle donne aux multiples domaines manifest\u00e9s et en interd\u00e9<\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>endance mut<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>elle l’inspiration fondamentale et infinie qui s’actual<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>sera, partie<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>lement et particuli\u00e8rement, selon les possibilit\u00e9s strat\u00e9giques, choisies ad\u00e9quatement, en fonction de l’int\u00e9gration si<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>guli\u00e8re de chaque <\/span><\/span>domain<\/i><\/span><\/span>e de conscience<\/i><\/span><\/span> dans le tout de l’univers consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un seul \u2018\u2018grand Vivant\u2019\u2019.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Inspiration originelle, autonomie strat\u00e9gique des <\/span><\/span>domaines de conscience<\/i><\/span><\/span> manifest\u00e9s et influence du milieu par l’i<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>terd<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>pendance des parties int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans l’organisation holistique d’un univers en d\u00e9veloppement, font que les syst\u00e8mes, nous y compris, se cr\u00e9ent eux<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>m\u00eames, non exclusivement selon un plan d\u00e9termin\u00e9 \u00e0 l’ava<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>ce, mais en conjuguant sans cesse leur <\/span><\/span>participation domaniale personnelle<\/i><\/span><\/span>, la co<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>science qu’ils ont d’eux<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>m\u00eames, qu’ils ont de leur potentiel actualisa<\/span><\/span>b<\/span><\/span>le avec le milieu dans lequel il s’int\u00e8gre<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il est contre intuitif non seulement de croire, mais aussi de concevoir que le cerveau et la <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e <\/i><\/span><\/span>qui l’habite puissent \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat d’une \u00e9volution aveugle et hasardeuse d\u2019o\u00f9 serait absente toute Conscience inspiratrice et cr\u00e9atrice. Nous rejoignons la doctoresse Brosse avec s<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n concept dualistique de l’\u00c9nergie<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>Conscience et de la Conscience-\u00c9nergie o\u00f9 l’\u00c9nergie est la Conscie<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>ce, e<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>le est m\u00eame la Conscience-Une qui se formalise particuli\u00e8rement dans la multiplicit\u00e9 des apparences. Il est inutile d\u2019essayer de se repr\u00e9senter la Conscience-Pr\u00e9sence, nous n\u2019aboutirons qu\u2019\u00e0 des images et des concepts proc\u00e9dant de nos m\u00e9moires perceptuelles et intellectuelles calqu\u00e9es exclusivement sur l\u2019aspect superficiel des \u00eatres et des choses.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de notre <\/span><\/span>hypoth\u00e8se<\/span><\/span>, les informat<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ons \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques que nous captons ne sont pas <\/span><\/span>pure \u00e9nergie<\/i><\/span><\/span>, mais les r\u00e9sultantes d’influences mutuelles par l’interp\u00e9n\u00e9trabilit\u00e9 des domaines de consci<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nce. En fait, nous percevons le manteau des apparences. La conscience d\u00e9pendante des fonctions et structures c\u00e9r\u00e9brales n’est donc pas, selon nous, la conscience, mais seu<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>ement domaine de conscience, partie de conscience, dans le sens qu’elle est conscience de quelque chose\u00a0: c\u2019est la Conscience-Une identifi\u00e9e temporairement \u00e0 des particularismes (\u00eatres, choses, \u00e9v\u00e8nements). Le cerveau humain, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses capacit\u00e9s extraordinaires, traduit la conscience simple de quelque cho<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>e en conscience de la conscience qui pose le monde, et nous-m\u00eame aussi, comme objet en face du sujet que la partie consciente pense \u00eatre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abOn passe d’une seule Conscience \u00e0 une multitude de consciences, en accolade, dont chacune re\u00e7oit et aussi modifie sa mission<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abL’erreur est de s’imaginer que la s\u00e9lection naturelle dispense de toute intervention de la conscience.\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLa s\u00e9lection est certainement tr\u00e8s efficace … Mais elle ne vaut, pour construire, que sous couvert d’un th\u00e8me conscient.\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>R. Ruyer)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abCette myst\u00e9rieuse source de <\/i><\/span><\/span> l\u2019univers et de nous<\/i><\/span><\/span>–<\/i><\/span><\/span>m\u00eame (…) n’a pas cr\u00e9\u00e9 le monde, elle est cette cr\u00e9ation m\u00eame, cette \u00e9ternelle cr\u00e9ation<\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/span>Il n’est pas en dehors d’elle, si ce n’est en mode imagina<\/i><\/span><\/span>i<\/i><\/span><\/span>re.\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abAvec des yeux sans nombre <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2013 <\/span><\/span>indestructibles dans leur principe, mais impermanents dans leur manifestation \u2013, elle se regarde elle<\/i><\/span><\/span>–<\/i><\/span><\/span>m\u00eame, ou du moins, regarde ce voile d’images dont elle se recouvre, dont elle enveloppe et dissimule sa nudit\u00e9 m\u00e9taphysique, ontologique<\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/span>Et elle est au fond de chacun de ces regards, tourn\u00e9s vers l<\/i><\/span><\/span>‘<\/i><\/span><\/span>ext\u00e9rieur qu’elle a fait surgir<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>R. Fou\u00e9r\u00e9) <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Comprendre r\u00e9ellement que nous sommes \u2013 nous, le corps-mental ainsi que le monde \u2013 litt\u00e9ralement contenus par la Co<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>science<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>\u00c9nergie-Une en nous d\u00e9tachant psy<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>hologiquem<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt de <\/span><\/span>l’identification du monde et de nous<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>m\u00eame avec nos constructions mentales, c’est r\u00e9aliser, dans le v\u00e9cu de l’existence quotidienne, que l’\u00catre de tous et de toutes choses n’est rien d’autre, en essence, que cette Conscience-Une. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

CONSCIENCE <\/b><\/span><\/span>JAILLISSA<\/b><\/span><\/span>N<\/b><\/span><\/span>T<\/b><\/span><\/span>E ET CONSCIENC<\/b><\/span><\/span>E ENVELOPP<\/b><\/span><\/span>ANTE <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Du point de vue de <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>‘o<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>ogen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de l’\u00e9tude du d\u00e9veloppement de <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>‘indiv<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>du<\/span><\/span>, d<\/span><\/span>epuis la f\u00e9condation jusqu’\u00e0 l’\u00e9tat adulte, la cellule, l’\u0153uf f\u00e9co<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>d\u00e9 es<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>le sommet de la hi\u00e9rarchie, il est ce que nous appellerons la conscience cr\u00e9atrice JAILLISSANTE. Par contre, du poin<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>de v<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>e de <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>ph<\/span><\/span>y<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>ogen\u00e8se, c\u2019est-\u00e0-d<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>re l’\u00e9volution des esp\u00e8ces, l’organisme est <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>sommet de <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>hi\u00e9rarchie avec la cellule comme \u00ab par<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>icule \u00bb v<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>te <\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>l\u00e9<\/span><\/span>men<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>re qui s’int\u00e8gre dans des syst\u00e8mes holistiques \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>di<\/span><\/span>ve<\/span><\/span>rs n<\/span><\/span>iv<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>aux. En ce cas, l’organisme est ce que nous appellero<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>s la co<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>ci<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>ce co<\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/span>dinatrice ENVELOPPANTE<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’embryogen\u00e8se n<\/span><\/span>ou<\/span><\/span>s m<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>e qu<\/span><\/span>e plu<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>on s’approche de la cellule primitive (\u0153uf f\u00e9co<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>, c\u2019<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span>t-\u00e0-d<\/span><\/span>ire plus on s’\u00e9loigne de la diff\u00e9renciation et de <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>a sp\u00e9c<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>ion<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>plus alors les potentialit\u00e9s des aires embryonnaires renco<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>r\u00e9es ont la possibilit\u00e9 de s’engager dans n’importe quelle <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>irectio<\/span><\/span>n <\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>u <\/span><\/span>sein <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>e la hi\u00e9rarchie du d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces multiples possib<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>es <\/span><\/span>ma<\/span><\/span>nif<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>sten<\/span><\/span>t l<\/span><\/span>a consc<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ence cr\u00e9atrice jaillissante, pr\u00eate \u00e0 prendre <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>a di<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ec<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n a<\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>\u00e9qua<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>e \u00e0 l’environnement<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Mais quel est l’\u00e9l\u00e9men<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>qu<\/span><\/span>i <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>mine <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>ue <\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>elle fraction, plut\u00f4t que telle autre, des multipote<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>ia<\/span><\/span>lit<\/span><\/span>\u00e9s <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>es cellu<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>es, constituant une aire embryonnaire, se man<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>feste<\/span><\/span>nt <\/span><\/span>sous fo<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>me graduellement diff\u00e9renc<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>\u00e9e jusqu’\u00e0 leur sp\u00e9cia<\/span><\/span>li<\/span><\/span>sa<\/span><\/span>ti<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n fi<\/span><\/span>nal<\/span><\/span>e. <\/span><\/span>C’est, pensons<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>nous, la conscience coordinatrice enveloppante qui d\u00e9termine l’actualisation de telle portion des multipotentialit\u00e9s des cellules en fonction de leur int\u00e9gration, de leur position dans le corps embryonnaire en formation. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous savons maintenant que toutes les cellules du corps d\u2019un \u00eatre vivant unique, quelle que soit leur fonction, ont la m\u00eame conscience cr\u00e9atrice jaillissante pr\u00eate \u00e0 s’actualiser, \u00e0 s’informer dans toutes les directions, c’est la d\u00e9termination de la cellule <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>s’affirmer en tant que tout relativement autonome. Mais \u00e0 mesure que l’embryon \u00e9volue, la diff\u00e9renciation et la sp\u00e9cialisation des aires embryonnaires augmentent, tandis que la souplesse des syst\u00e8mes concern\u00e9s diminue jusqu’\u00e0 atteindre un point de non-retour, d’irr\u00e9versibilit\u00e9, qui obligera le tissu en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 s’investir dans une seule direction en mettant en sommeil la plus grande part de son potentiel cr\u00e9ateur, c’est la manifestation de la \u2018\u2018tendance participative\u2019\u2019 qui veut que tout syst\u00e8me s’int\u00e8gre dans un ensemble plus vaste et se subordonne <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>la conscience enveloppante. Conscience cr\u00e9atrice jaillissante, et conscience coordinatrice enveloppante sont les deux faces d’une m\u00eame m\u00e9daille. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abLe <\/i><\/span><\/span>sort d’une cellule d\u00e9pend donc finalement de la position de cette cellule dans l’embryon en croissance .<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Les cellules qui appartiennent au m\u00eame champ morphog\u00e9n\u00e9tique doivent avoir la m\u00eame orchestration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et se comporter en partie d’unit\u00e9 coh\u00e9rente; et leur sp\u00e9cialisation ult\u00e9rieure de \u00ab soliste \u00bb d\u00e9pendra encore de leur position \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du champ. Chaque bourgeon d’organe est un holon bifronts: par rapport aux premiers stades de son d\u00e9veloppement, son destin est, dans l’ensemble, irr\u00e9vocablement d\u00e9termin\u00e9; mais<\/i><\/span><\/span>, <\/i><\/span><\/span>par <\/i><\/span><\/span>rapport <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/i><\/span><\/span>l’avenir, ses parties sont encore \u2018\u2018dociles\u2019\u2019 et vont se diff\u00e9rencier en empruntant la voie de d\u00e9veloppement la mieux adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 leur environnement local<\/i><\/span><\/span>. \u2018<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2018D\u00e9termination\u2019\u2019 et \u2018\u2018docilit\u00e9\u2019\u2019, potentiel d’affirmation de soi et potentiel d’int\u00e9gration sont les deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d’une m\u00eame m\u00e9daille.\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(A. Koestler). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Notons encore la remarque de Ruyer qui nous dit que<\/span><\/span> \u00able cerveau, chez l’homme, est une aire embryonnaire organique, qui reste ind\u00e9finiment \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat d’\u00e9bauche embryonnaire, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 pouvoir produire, sans s’engager organiquement, des organes externes outils et machines, alors que les autres \u00e9bauches embryonnaires se diff\u00e9rencient sur place, irr\u00e9versiblement, en organes internes.\u00bb<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abL’unit\u00e9 de direction que nous montre l’\u00e9volution biologique n’implique pas n\u00e9cessairement une intention. Les potentialit\u00e9s infinies de l’essence de la mati\u00e8re agissent par simple pr\u00e9sence.\u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(R<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Linssen). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous pensons que l’\u00e9volution se dessine graduellement par diff\u00e9renciation et sp\u00e9cialisation qui sont des manifestations partielles <\/span><\/span>des multipotentialit\u00e9s infinies de l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>essence de la mati\u00e8re. Celles-ci <\/span><\/span>s’actualisent particuli\u00e8rement dans le monde formel en fonction de leur position dans la hi\u00e9rarchie \u00ab embryonnaire \u00bb d’un univers en cr\u00e9ation continue. <\/span><\/span>L’\u00e9nergie jaillissante <\/span><\/span>symbolise l’immanence de la Source cosmique. L’\u00e9nergie coordinatrice, ou enveloppante symbolise la transcendance de la Source cosmique. Immanence et transcendance sont une fois encore les faces oppos\u00e9es d’une m\u00eame m\u00e9daille<\/span><\/span>, Conscience-Une et Totalit\u00e9 cosmique Une sont une seule et m\u00eame r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sans la Source inspiratrice originelle l’univers n’existerait pas, car il est, en essence, cette Source m\u00eame qui est elle<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>m\u00eame Cr\u00e9ation, Connaissance et Substance de tout <\/span><\/span>ce qui est<\/i><\/span><\/span>. Mais <\/span><\/span>aussi, le monde cr\u00e9\u00e9 ne peut \u00eatre que dans la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences exprim\u00e9es au sein d’une hi\u00e9rarchie en d\u00e9veloppement continu qui actualise singuli\u00e8rement l\u2019infinit\u00e9 des possibilit\u00e9s de manifestation de la Conscience-Une sous<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>jacente \u00e0 l’univers manifest\u00e9. L’Essence ultime de l’univers n’est ni existence ni non existence, elle est possibilit\u00e9 infinie indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9e. Mais l’existence est faite de diff\u00e9rences compl\u00e9mentaires qui se manifestent dans l’expression vivante de la conscience enveloppante\u00a0: l’unit\u00e9 de structure rappelle l’unit\u00e9 de principe dans l’\u00e9quilibre compl\u00e9mentaire des oppos\u00e9s. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Note compl\u00e9mentaire: Les centres nerveux sup\u00e9rieurs.<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le cerveau le plus primitif, que MacLean a appel\u00e9 le \u2018\u2018cerveau reptilien\u2019\u2019, constitue une structure extr\u00eamement ancienne commune \u00e0 toutes les esp\u00e8ces dot\u00e9es de centres nerveux sup\u00e9rieurs. Cette structure nerveuse est encore pr\u00e9sente chez l’homme: c’est ce qu’on appelle l’hypothalamus et le tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Elle a pour fonction de capter l’\u00e9tat d’\u00e9quilibre ou de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 cellulaire organique et d’essayer d’y r\u00e9pondre ad\u00e9quatement<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>C’est donc qu’elle contient les m\u00e9canismes essentiels des r\u00e9gulations internes, des comportements primitifs d\u00e9termin\u00e9s par les instincts ou les r\u00e9flexes. Elle joue aussi un r\u00f4le dans le maintien de la vigilance et dans le sommeil<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Prenons un exemple: la faim est une r\u00e9action instinctive d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par le d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre du milieu int\u00e9rieur constituant le signal interne qui, en stimulant les r\u00e9gions ad\u00e9quates de l’hypothalamus, va d\u00e9clencher le <\/span><\/span>comportement de rec<\/span><\/span>h<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ch<\/span><\/span>e d<\/span><\/span>e no<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ri<\/span><\/span>ture et, en conjonction avec les <\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>rganes des sens<\/span><\/span>, am<\/span><\/span>ene<\/span><\/span>r l’organi<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>me \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>agir sur le milieu. <\/span><\/span>G<\/span><\/span>r\u00e2ce <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>onc aux <\/span><\/span>org<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>es <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>s s<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>ns, <\/span><\/span>ce ce<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ve<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>u primitif pourra, en plus <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>a c<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>ptation des <\/span><\/span>si<\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>naux int<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>rn<\/span><\/span>es<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>pte<\/span><\/span>r <\/span><\/span>des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>information <\/span><\/span>da<\/span><\/span>ns <\/span><\/span>l’e<\/span><\/span>nv<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ronne<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>La <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>onj<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>ct<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>n dan<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>le cerveau pri<\/span><\/span>mi<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>if des informations d’or<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>gine <\/span><\/span>in<\/span><\/span>te<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ne<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>et d<\/span><\/span>‘a<\/span><\/span>ut<\/span><\/span>res lui venant du milie<\/span><\/span>u ext\u00e9rieur, va permettre <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>cette <\/span><\/span>str<\/span><\/span>uc<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>rv<\/span><\/span>eu<\/span><\/span>se, par l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>interm\u00e9d<\/span><\/span>ia<\/span><\/span>ire d’<\/span><\/span>autres formations cellul<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>ires <\/span><\/span>(sys<\/span><\/span>t\u00e8<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>e ne<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>ro<\/span><\/span>mu<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>culaire)<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>de met<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>re l’<\/span><\/span>organisme tout e<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>tie<\/span><\/span>r <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>mouvem<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Le but s<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>ra d’agir sur l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>envir<\/span><\/span>onnement de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ce que <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>a survi<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>en<\/span><\/span>se<\/span><\/span>mble cellulaire soit mai<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nue. <\/span><\/span>Si l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>action <\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>ob<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>rvient \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>\u00e9quil<\/span><\/span>ibre du milieu int\u00e9r<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>eur<\/span><\/span>, l’or<\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>ani<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>tr<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>uvera progressivem<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt s<\/span><\/span>on apaisement in<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>tia<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>U<\/span><\/span>ne <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9gion pr<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>cise <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l’hypothalamus command<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>ra <\/span><\/span>alors une sensation e<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>un <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>mp<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>rt<\/span><\/span>emen<\/span><\/span>t conforme \u00e0 l’\u00e9quilibre r<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>tr<\/span><\/span>ouv\u00e9<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span><\/span>m\u00e9can<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>sme d<\/span><\/span>\u00e9crit ci<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>dessus <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>erminant le comportement de <\/span><\/span>l’in<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>inct de fa<\/span><\/span>im, e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>t applicable \u00e0 t<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>es autres comportemen<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>ual<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>f<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>‘i<\/span><\/span>nsti<\/span><\/span>nc<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>ifs. Ces comport<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>sont directement embray\u00e9s <\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>r l<\/span><\/span>e code <\/span><\/span>ri<\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>id<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>de la structure m<\/span><\/span>\u00eam<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>du syst\u00e8me <\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>erve<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>x<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Ces <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>omportements <\/span><\/span>sont en apparence in<\/span><\/span>capables de ten<\/span><\/span>ir <\/span><\/span>compte de <\/span><\/span>l’<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>x<\/span><\/span>p\u00e9<\/span><\/span>ri<\/span><\/span>ence car <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>syst\u00e8me nerveux d<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>nt i<\/span><\/span>ls d\u00e9pendent, <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>ui en pe<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>met <\/span><\/span>la ma<\/span><\/span>nifestatio<\/span><\/span>n, est dot\u00e9 de ce qu’il e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>convenu d’appeler une \u2018<\/span><\/span>\u2018<\/span><\/span>m\u00e9mo<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>re <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>co<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>t t<\/span><\/span>er<\/span><\/span>me\u2019\u2019. <\/span><\/span>I<\/span><\/span>ls d\u00e9pen<\/span><\/span>de<\/span><\/span>nt <\/span><\/span>donc de la m\u00e9moire g\u00e9n\u00e9tique <\/span><\/span>de l’e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>e qu<\/span><\/span>i e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>t in<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>ensible <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l’exp<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>ri<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>ce. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, c<\/span><\/span>hez <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>es <\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>am<\/span><\/span>mif<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>es <\/span><\/span>primitifs es<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>apparu<\/span><\/span>, en plus et e<\/span><\/span>n \u2018<\/span><\/span>\u2018s<\/span><\/span>up<\/span><\/span>erposit<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>on\u2019\u2019 <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>u \u2018\u2018<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>erve<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>u <\/span><\/span>reptili<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>n\u2019\u2019<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>des f<\/span><\/span>or<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>at<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>ons cellulaires nouvel<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>es (<\/span><\/span>rhin<\/span><\/span>enc\u00e9<\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>h<\/span><\/span>al<\/span><\/span>e) <\/span><\/span>; il e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>t convenu d’app<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>er ce nouvel ensemble <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>syst\u00e8me limbique ou \u2018\u2018ancien cerveau\u2019\u2019 par rapport au n\u00e9ocortex qui fit son apparition seulement chez les mammif\u00e8res sup\u00e9rieurs. Ce nouvel \u00e9difice neuronal joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans l’\u00e9tablissement d’une \u2018\u2018m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme\u2019\u2019 et aussi des \u00e9motions qui permettront l’expression de l’affectivit\u00e9, c’est-\u00e0<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>dire la possibilit\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre une situation, d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9prouv\u00e9e ant\u00e9rieurement, comme \u00e9tant agr\u00e9able ou d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire source d\u2019<\/span><\/span>\u00e9quilibre<\/i><\/span><\/span> ou de <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre<\/i><\/span><\/span> pour l\u2019organisme. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’apparition de la \u2018\u2018m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme\u2019\u2019 va donc permettre le passage progressif de la d\u00e9termination rigide, en fonction du programme de la structure m\u00eame du syst\u00e8me nerveux, aux m\u00e9canismes d’adaptation sensibles \u00e0 l’exp\u00e9rience acquise et m\u00e9moris\u00e9e. Comme nous l’avons dit pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, c’est chez les mammif\u00e8res sup\u00e9rieurs qu’appara\u00eet le n\u00e9ocortex (son d\u00e9veloppement chez l’homme et principalement dans les r\u00e9gions orbito<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>frontales d\u00e9passe toutes les autres esp\u00e8ces) qui permettra l’association des \u00e9l\u00e9ments m\u00e9moris\u00e9s. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous savons que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments informationnels du monde ext\u00e9rieur p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans notre syst\u00e8me nerveux par des canaux sensoriels diff\u00e9rents qui aboutissent <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>des r\u00e9gions s\u00e9par\u00e9es du cortex. Les informations contenues dans ces diff\u00e9rents centres corticaux vont, par l’exercice d’une r\u00e9gion c\u00e9r\u00e9brale dont le r\u00f4le est avant tout associatif, s’assembler au moment o\u00f9 l’individu (homme ou animal) est concentr\u00e9 sur un seul objet duquel il re\u00e7oit des sensations s\u00e9par\u00e9es (visuelles, auditives, tactiles …). Au d\u00e9part distinctes les unes des autres, les informations, issues de canaux sensoriels diff\u00e9rents, se trouveront associ\u00e9es dans un certain ordre. <\/span><\/span>Il s’agit l\u00e0 d’associations \u2018\u2018factuelles\u2019\u2019 fond\u00e9es sur l’ordre lin\u00e9aire impos\u00e9 par le milieu. L’animal ex\u00e9cute aussi bien que l’homme ce type d’association d’o\u00f9 \u00e9merge ce que Laborit appelle un \u00ab mod\u00e8le neuronal du monde qui nous entoure \u00bb<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais l’homme \u2013 en fonction de la complexit\u00e9 accrue de son n\u00e9ocortex et plus particuli\u00e8rement encore de la masse de cellules nerveuses purement associatives qui r\u00e9sident dans la r\u00e9gion orbito<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>frontale <\/span><\/span>\u2013,<\/span><\/span> peut transgresser les associations \u2018\u2018factuelles\u2019\u2019 impos\u00e9es par le d\u00e9roulement lin\u00e9aire que montre l’exp\u00e9rience de l’environnement<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Il peut le faire <\/span><\/span>en \u00ab associant entre elles des voies nerveuses cod\u00e9es par l’exp\u00e9rience et les voies nerveuses qui assurent le fonctionnement du syst\u00e8me limbique, celui de la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme \u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(Laborit). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’homme peut donc associer les informations m\u00e9moris\u00e9es de fa\u00e7on diff\u00e9rente de celle qui s’est effectivement d\u00e9roul\u00e9e dans l’exp\u00e9rience de l’environnement<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>En fait, en d\u00e9passant l’association \u2018\u2018factuelle\u2019\u2019 impos\u00e9e par le milieu, il devient capable d’imaginer quelque chose qui n’existe pas dans le monde qui l’entoure, d’associer ses exp\u00e9riences m\u00e9moris\u00e9es dans tous les sens, de faire des hypoth\u00e8ses de travail orient\u00e9es vers une finalit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise. Plus encore, <\/span><\/span>\u00ab la manipulation de l’abstraction par les syst\u00e8mes associatifs donne \u00e0 l’homme des possibilit\u00e9s presque infinies de cr\u00e9ation \u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(Laborit)<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 insist\u00e9 sur le fait que la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 humaine en m\u00eame temps que sa patholog<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>e est inh\u00e9rente au d\u00e9veloppement fabuleux de la structure imaginaire qui distingue l’homme de toutes les autres esp\u00e8ces connues. Il existe en fait une disparit\u00e9 \u00e9norme entre nos facult\u00e9s intellectuelles et l’ancien cerveau qui, <\/span><\/span>\u00ab une fois en \u00e9veil, tend \u00e0 dominer toute la sc\u00e8ne \u00bb <\/i><\/span><\/span>(Koestler). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces deux mondes, que nous le voulions ou non, et l’exp\u00e9rience nous le montre quotidiennement, se contrarient souvent mutuellement<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Seul l’\u00e9veil d’une <\/span><\/span>conscience nouvelle<\/i><\/span><\/span>, bas\u00e9e sur une juste utilisation de la pens\u00e9e, peut mettre un terme \u00e0 cette dualit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure. En effet, cette dualit\u00e9 n’est pas selon nous anatomique comme le propose Koestler, mais psychologique, c’est<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>\u00e0-dire inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 une illusion end\u00e9mique d’\u00eatre en tant que moi distinct et oppos\u00e9. L\u2019\u00eatre humain, par exemple, ne se contente pas d\u2019\u00eatre simplement bienfaisant dans ses actes, mais il se veut bienfaisant en tant que distinct.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Notons encore que le si\u00e8ge de la conscience et m\u00eame de la conscience de soi ne peut \u00eatre localis\u00e9 dans une r\u00e9gion pr\u00e9cise. La seule chos<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>que l’on puisse dire c’est que le cortex c\u00e9r\u00e9bral est le principal appareil qui engendre la pens\u00e9e r\u00e9flexive; mais le sentiment d\u2019exister, d\u2019\u00eatre conscient ne peut r\u00e9sulter que de la coordination compl\u00e9mentaire de tous les sous<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>ensembles organiques depuis la cellule jusqu’au n\u00e9o- cortex. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous terminons cette note compl\u00e9mentaire en essayant d’\u00e9tablir une nette distinction entre instinct et \u00e9motion. Un instinct est une impulsion produite dans le cerveau primitif par la conjonction de stimuli hormonaux et sensoriels; le r\u00f4le du cortex est extr\u00eamement limit\u00e9, il ne fait que filtrer les messages bruts qu’il re\u00e7oit par les sens. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Par contre une \u00e9motion r\u00e9sulte de la conjonction d’un instinct et de processus relevant du cortex, d’une repr\u00e9sentation ad\u00e9quate en fonction d’une situation d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9prouv\u00e9e ant\u00e9rieurement comme \u00e9tant agr\u00e9able ou d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able. L’\u00e9motion agr\u00e9able r\u00e9sulte donc du transfert de l’instinct d’\u00e9quilibre biologique, de cette fameuse volont\u00e9 de vivre, sur une repr\u00e9sentation mentale d’une situation \u00e9prouv\u00e9e ant\u00e9rieurement et qui favorise (r\u00e9ellement ou symboliquement) cet \u00e9quilibre. L’homme pouvant <\/span><\/span>s’\u00e9motionner \u00e0 pa<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ti<\/span><\/span>r d<\/span><\/span>u <\/span><\/span>sym<\/span><\/span>bo<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>ique, ses \u00e9motions (rudimentaires chez l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>animal) peu<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt pren<\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>es fo<\/span><\/span>rm<\/span><\/span>es <\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>uanc\u00e9es \u00e0 l’infini. L<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>\u00e9motion d\u00e9sag<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>ab<\/span><\/span>le e<\/span><\/span>st \u00e9vid<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>mm<\/span><\/span>en<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>contraire, elle r\u00e9sulte d’une <\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ep<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>\u00e9sentation <\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>ent<\/span><\/span>al<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>un<\/span><\/span>e s<\/span><\/span>itua<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>on <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>ui d\u00e9favorise (r\u00e9ellement ou symboliquement) <\/span><\/span>l’\u00e9quil<\/span><\/span>ib<\/span><\/span>re b<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>olo<\/span><\/span>g<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>\u00e9motions son<\/span><\/span>t d<\/span><\/span>onc \u00e9<\/span><\/span>labor<\/span><\/span>\u00e9e<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>ar <\/span><\/span>le corte<\/span><\/span>x <\/span><\/span>(la m\u00e9moire, <\/span><\/span>l’<\/span><\/span>association, le rais<\/span><\/span>onnem<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt<\/span><\/span>) \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>pa<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>r d<\/span><\/span>‘ins<\/span><\/span>ti<\/span><\/span>ncts primi<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>ifs projet\u00e9s sur des situations r<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>p<\/span><\/span>r\u00e9<\/span><\/span>sen<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>\u00e9e<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>. E<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>le<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>son<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>le r\u00e9sultat de l<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>interp\u00e9n\u00e9tration <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>‘un film \u00e9labor\u00e9 p<\/span><\/span>ar le c<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>rv<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>au pri<\/span><\/span>mit<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>f <\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>nstinctif qui ressent l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019\u00e9quilibre ou de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre int\u00e9rieur, et d’un autre issu du co<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>tex. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les ruminations me<\/span><\/span>nta<\/span><\/span>le<\/span><\/span>s c<\/span><\/span>on<\/span><\/span>stitue<\/span><\/span>nt sou<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>ent des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s r\u00e9sultant d<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>une mauvaise <\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>ilisatio<\/span><\/span>n <\/span><\/span>de n<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>e o<\/span><\/span>ut<\/span><\/span>il <\/span><\/span>intellectue<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Ces pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s, <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>ette utilisation i<\/span><\/span>nc<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>rr<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>cte de nos fa<\/span><\/span>cul<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>\u00e9s intellectuelles, divisent l’homme in<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>\u00e9rieu<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>em<\/span><\/span>ent e<\/span><\/span>n p<\/span><\/span>ert<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>b<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>oordination<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>pourtant naturelle, entre l’affecti<\/span><\/span>vi<\/span><\/span>t\u00e9 e<\/span><\/span>t l<\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>raison. C<\/span><\/span>ependan<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>nous perdons de vue que <\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>‘\u00e9motion correcte<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>nt <\/span><\/span>v\u00e9<\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>e, c\u2019<\/span><\/span>est-\u00e0-<\/span><\/span>di<\/span><\/span>re compl\u00e8<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>ement assimil\u00e9e dans l’instant, co<\/span><\/span>ns<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span>it<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>e un<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>sy<\/span><\/span>nth\u00e8s<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>naturelle entre une <\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>epr\u00e9sentation ad\u00e9quate de <\/span><\/span>l’<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>\u00e8<\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>emen<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>et l’<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>nstinct qui s<\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>y retrouve sous une forme <\/span><\/span>n<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>ve<\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span>le p<\/span><\/span>ar l<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span>ph<\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>no<\/span><\/span>m\u00e8ne d’association<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La complexit\u00e9 exceptionne<\/span><\/span>lle <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>s <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>entres <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>oordinateurs pr\u00e9frontaux de notre cerveau permet<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>si ces centres sont utilis\u00e9s ad\u00e9quatement, l’association compl\u00e9<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>ent<\/span><\/span>ai<\/span><\/span>re <\/span><\/span>de no<\/span><\/span>s f<\/span><\/span>o<\/span><\/span>rmations intellectuelles et instinctives au sein de l’<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>nst<\/span><\/span>ant a<\/span><\/span>ff<\/span><\/span>ect<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>f e<\/span><\/span>t \u00e9motionnel<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> Cette position contred<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>t <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>on<\/span><\/span>c la t<\/span><\/span>h\u00e9o<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>ie <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>ue d\u00e9fend Koestler et selon laquelle il y aurait une r<\/span><\/span>u<\/span><\/span>pture <\/span><\/span>q<\/span><\/span>uasi incurable, inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 une erreur de l’\u00e9volution, entre le <\/span><\/span>c<\/span><\/span>erv<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span>au pr<\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>m<\/span><\/span>it<\/span><\/span>if affectif (syst\u00e8me limbique) et le nouveau cerveau (n\u00e9oco<\/span><\/span>r<\/span><\/span>te<\/span><\/span>x<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> Nous pensons (P. Chauchard a d’ailleurs <\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/span><\/span>mis cette hypoth\u00e8se avant nous) que le cerveau primitif affectif et nos facult\u00e9s intellectuelles trouvent le chemin de la r\u00e9conciliation par l’exercice de cette \u2018\u2018troisi\u00e8me\u2019\u2019 r\u00e9gion du cerveau (qui n’existe que chez l’homme) dont la fonction est purement associative. Quand cette r\u00e9gion fonctionne ad\u00e9quatement l’animal et l’humain en ont fini de s’exclure mutuellement, la voie de la r\u00e9conciliation est enfin trouv\u00e9e. Mais une \u00e9ducation inad\u00e9quate engendre, dans cette r\u00e9gion coordinatrice du cerveau, des associations elles aussi inad\u00e9quates, des fausses identifications qui perturbent une harmonie qui devrait \u00eatre spontan\u00e9e entre l’\u2018\u2018animal\u2019\u2019 et l’\u2018\u2018humain\u2019\u2019. En utilisant incorrectement ses fonctions associatives \u2013 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en confondant notre vision du monde avec le monde en soi \u2013, l’\u00eatre humain, et non l’\u00e9volution, est le propre artisan de son manque d’unit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure. Bien entendu, le mod\u00e8le de l’esprit pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 ci-dessus n’est \u00e9videmment valable que dans les limites qu’il s’impose <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>lui<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>m\u00eame. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9, par la gamme infinie de toutes ses nuances, d\u00e9passe toujours nos plans intellectuels, notre structure imaginaire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Chapitre 6 du livre L\u2019envers de la raison 1989)\u00a0 \u00abL’Esprit, comme th\u00e8me, ou id\u00e9e, ou conscience, ou projet, est formateur, enveloppant, anticipant les structures de ses supports mat\u00e9riels. La Gnose est essentiellement antimat\u00e9rialiste. Une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle, physique ne peut pr\u00e9c\u00e9der la conscience. La conscience est \u00e0 la fois l\u2019endroit et l‘enveloppe constituante de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17089,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[800],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casterman-dominique"],"yoast_head":"\nCerveau et conscience par Dominique Casterman - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/cerveau-et-conscience-par-dominique-casterman\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cerveau et conscience par Dominique Casterman - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Chapitre 6 du livre L\u2019envers de la raison 1989)\u00a0 \u00abL’Esprit, comme th\u00e8me, ou id\u00e9e, ou conscience, ou projet, est formateur, enveloppant, anticipant les structures de ses supports mat\u00e9riels. 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