{"id":19332,"date":"2023-06-05T01:58:14","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T00:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=19332"},"modified":"2023-06-05T01:58:14","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T00:58:14","slug":"lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019Univers par Claude Tresmontant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Monsieur Jean-Claude Pecker <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>professeur <\/span><\/span>au <\/span><\/span>Coll\u00e8ge <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>France, <\/span><\/span>membre de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> Sciences.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> est,<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> Coll\u00e8ge<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> France,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> patron<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> chaire<\/span><\/span> d\u2019astrophysique<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orique.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> dirig\u00e9<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> constitution<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> monument<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019est<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Astronomie,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>publi\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ditions<\/span><\/span> Flammarion,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> volumes.<\/span><\/span> Dans<\/span><\/span> cet<\/span><\/span> ouvrage<\/span><\/span> collectif,<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> trouvera<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> sait<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> moyens<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019exploration astronomique, et des techniques, <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>instruments\u00a0<\/span><\/span>; du <\/span><\/span>syst\u00e8me <\/span><\/span>solaire et du <\/span><\/span>Soleil\u00a0<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> interstellaire,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> propre<\/span><\/span> Galaxie<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monde<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> galaxies,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> ensemble.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019ouvrage<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9dig\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> langue<\/span><\/span> parfaitement<\/span><\/span> claire<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> gens<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9tier,<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> accompagn\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> merveilleuses<\/span><\/span> photographies,<\/span><\/span> fournies<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> instruments<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> modernes <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>les plus <\/span><\/span>puissants. <\/span><\/span>Pour <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>lecteur <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9sire <\/span><\/span>s\u2019initier <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>ce que nous <\/span><\/span>savons <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>cette<\/span><\/span> fin<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> voil\u00e0<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> ouvrage<\/span><\/span> parfaitement<\/span><\/span> adapt\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> introduit<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> lecteur<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> discussions <\/span><\/span>et controverses portant sur l\u2019Univers dans son<\/span><\/span> ensemble.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les <\/span><\/span>philosophes <\/span><\/span>grecs <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>V<\/span><\/span>e <\/span><\/span><\/sup>et IV<\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cles avant notre \u00e8re, <\/span><\/span>par <\/span><\/span>exemple Aristote,<\/span><\/span> s\u2019\u00e9taient imagin\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers <\/span><\/span>est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternel,<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se, sans <\/span><\/span>corruption.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> astres<\/span><\/span> sont <\/span><\/span>des<\/span><\/span> substances<\/span><\/span> divines<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ignorent<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> corruption.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> cyclique.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> Guerre <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>Troie n\u2019a <\/span><\/span>pas eu <\/span><\/span>lieu <\/span><\/span>seulement <\/span><\/span>dans <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>pass\u00e9. Elle aura lieu <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>nouveau dans l\u2019avenir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les philosophes <\/span><\/span>grecs de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019\u00e9cole mat\u00e9rialiste <\/span><\/span>ont <\/span><\/span>imagin\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>que les <\/span><\/span>atomes <\/span><\/span>sont <\/span><\/span>des<\/span><\/span> \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternels, <\/span><\/span>inengendr\u00e9s, <\/span><\/span>sans gen\u00e8se, sans \u00e9volution, <\/span><\/span>sans corruption.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019au<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9but<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> avons<\/span><\/span> v\u00e9cu<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> sous<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> repr\u00e9sentation.<\/span><\/span> Un<\/span><\/span> Univers<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternel<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> fixe.<\/span><\/span> Une<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternelle<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> incorruptible.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9but<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle <\/span><\/span>que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> avons<\/span><\/span> commenc\u00e9<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019\u00e9tudie<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> physicien,<\/span><\/span> est,<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> aussi,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9sultat<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> histoire.<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> formation<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> atomes,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> composition. Nous venons de d\u00e9couvrir que l\u2019Univers, dans ses tout premiers instants, \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> lumi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> lumi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> entier<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> lumi\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> d\u2019information.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> simple<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> ancienne.<\/span><\/span> Au<\/span><\/span> cours<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> temps,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> particulier<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> c\u0153ur<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> compose<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> structures<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> complexes.<\/span><\/span> La mati\u00e8re la plus complexe est aussi la plus<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9cente.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>1927<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> avons<\/span><\/span> commenc\u00e9<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> processus<\/span><\/span> historique,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> aussi,<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> environ<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> gaz<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> galaxies.<\/span><\/span> Une<\/span><\/span> galaxie<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> ensemble<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9toiles.<\/span><\/span> Notre<\/span><\/span> propre<\/span><\/span> Galaxie<\/span><\/span> comporte<\/span><\/span> environ<\/span><\/span> cent<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> cents<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9toiles,<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> grandes<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> Soleil.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> autres<\/span><\/span> galaxies,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> comptent<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> milliards,<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> grosses<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> n\u00f4tre.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> existe<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> formation<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> formation<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> galaxies,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> formation<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> cinq,<\/span><\/span> dix<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> quinze<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9gime<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> composition<\/span><\/span> depuis environ vingt milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couverte<\/span><\/span> fondamentale,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couverte<\/span><\/span> fondamentale<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> temps<\/span><\/span> modernes.<\/span><\/span> Toute<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> vision<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monde<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> \u00e9videmment<\/span><\/span> transform\u00e9e,<\/span><\/span> puisque<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> sommes<\/span><\/span> pass\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers statique <\/span><\/span>ou fixe des Anciens, \u00e0 un Univers \u00e9volutif et historique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> totalement<\/span><\/span> renouvel\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couverte.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019espace,<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> temps,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> causalit\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> finalit\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> place<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> vieux<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> mal,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> classiques<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique, doivent \u00eatre repens\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de cette d\u00e9couverte fondamentale. Nous <\/span><\/span>sommes <\/span><\/span>dans un<\/span><\/span> Univers<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> environ<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> d\u2019appara\u00eetre<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> cet<\/span><\/span> Univers<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9centes<\/span><\/span> semblent<\/span><\/span> indiquer<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> ses<\/span><\/span> tout premiers instants, est physiquement pr\u00e9adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019apparition d\u2019un \u00eatre capable de le<\/span><\/span> penser.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les Anciens n\u2019avaient pas l\u2019id\u00e9e de chercher une finalit\u00e9 dans l\u2019Univers, <\/span><\/span>puisqu\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> ignoraient<\/span><\/span> ce <\/span><\/span>fait <\/span><\/span>que nous venons de <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9couvrir, <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>savoir <\/span><\/span>que <\/span><\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span><\/span>est une <\/span><\/span>histoire, <\/span><\/span>et une<\/span><\/span> histoire<\/span><\/span> orient\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> A<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> savons<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> composition,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> constitution,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> commen\u00e7ons<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> orient\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> finalis\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span>cosmologie <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>science <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>porte <\/span><\/span>sur <\/span><\/span>l\u2019Univers envisag\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>dans son ensemble, <\/span><\/span>dans<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> totalit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> seulement<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> XX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cosmologie<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> devenue<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentale.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il <\/span><\/span>existe <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>cosmologie <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>certitudes, <\/span><\/span>et il <\/span><\/span>existe des <\/span><\/span>controverses. <\/span><\/span>La certitude, c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers existe, et qu\u2019il est un processus historique orient\u00e9. L\u2019immense majorit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> astrophysiciens<\/span><\/span> admettent<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> expansion,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> galaxies<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> fuient<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> unes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> autres,<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> vitesse<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> proportionnelle<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> distance<\/span><\/span> mutuelle.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019immense majorit\u00e9 des astrophysiciens, mais non pas<\/span><\/span> tous.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jean-Claude <\/span><\/span>Pecker <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>J.P. <\/span><\/span>Vigier continuent <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>exercer <\/span><\/span>une <\/span><\/span>critique <\/span><\/span>vigilante <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l\u2019\u00e9gard <\/span><\/span>de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> vision<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monde<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement<\/span><\/span> admise.<\/span><\/span> On<\/span><\/span> trouvera<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9cho<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> controverses<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> derniers<\/span><\/span> chapitres<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> ouvrage<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sentons.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> lecteur<\/span><\/span> voudra<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> observer<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> question<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019expansion<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> question<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> questions<\/span><\/span> distinctes.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> hypoth\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> n\u2019\u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> expansion,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> resterait<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> \u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> quelque<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> galaxies,<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>forment,<\/span><\/span> naissent<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> vieillissent<\/span><\/span> constamment.<\/span><\/span> De<\/span><\/span> toute<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> avons<\/span><\/span> chang\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> vision<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monde,<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> toutefois nous voulons bien prendre la peine d\u2019\u00e9tudier l\u2019Univers dans <\/span><\/span>lequel <\/span><\/span>nous <\/span><\/span>sommes apparus,<\/span><\/span> il y a quelques<\/span><\/span> instants.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nombre <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>philosophes, <\/span><\/span>depuis <\/span><\/span>un <\/span><\/span>si\u00e8cle, <\/span><\/span>se <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9sint\u00e9ressent totalement <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>grandes d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cosmologie,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019astrophysique,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> biochimie,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> biologie<\/span><\/span> fondamentale,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> neurophysiologie,<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> exemple<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> philosophe<\/span><\/span> allemand<\/span><\/span> Martin<\/span><\/span> Heidegger<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> philosophe<\/span><\/span> fran\u00e7ais<\/span><\/span> Jean-Paul<\/span><\/span> Sartre.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> pensent<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> constituer<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> tenir<\/span><\/span> compte<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019apport des sciences exp\u00e9rimentales. Ils ignorent tout des grandes d\u00e9couvertes modernes.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> pensent<\/span><\/span> pouvoir<\/span><\/span> traiter<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> temps,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> monde,<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> tenir<\/span><\/span> compte <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>grandes d\u00e9couvertes <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019astrophysique, <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>biologie, <\/span><\/span>de la neurophysiologie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nombre<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>th\u00e9ologiens<\/span><\/span> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>form\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> dans <\/span><\/span>cette<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> dissoci\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> pensent<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> leurs<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetres<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologien<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9sint\u00e9resser<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> grandes<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cosmologie,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> physique<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> biologie.<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> montrerons<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> chronique<\/span><\/span> prochaine<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019en<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologien,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysicien,<\/span><\/span> doit<\/span><\/span> s\u2019instruire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> fondamentales<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie,<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> nombre<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> points,<\/span><\/span> s\u2019en<\/span><\/span> trouve<\/span><\/span> totalement<\/span><\/span> renouvel\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ajoutons<\/span><\/span> enfin<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> enfants<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> \u00e9coles,<\/span><\/span> lyc\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> coll\u00e8ges,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> 10<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> 12<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>ans,<\/span><\/span> devraient<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> initi\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> merveilleuses<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cosmologie<\/span><\/span> moderne.<\/span><\/span> D\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ensemble<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> lequel<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> situons,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> lequel<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> d\u2019appara\u00eetre.<\/span><\/span> Lorsque<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> ministres<\/span><\/span> prendront<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> temps<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> penser<\/span><\/span> enfin<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9forme<\/span><\/span> fondamentale<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019instruction<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9ducation,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> faudra<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> songent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> mettre<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> programme<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> classes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> 6<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> histoire<\/span><\/span> envisag\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> ensemble.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> situe<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> nature<\/span><\/span> vivante,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> nature<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> situe<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> physique,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> chimie,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> biochimie,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> biologie,<\/span><\/span> prennent<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> sens,<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrent<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> signification et leur int\u00e9r\u00eat. Dans notre prochaine chronique, nous parlerons de la <\/span><\/span>Cellule, <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 propos d\u2019un <\/span><\/span>ouvrage r\u00e9cent. <\/span><\/span>En <\/span><\/span>classe <\/span><\/span>de 6<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>, avec une initiation \u00e0 la cosmologie moderne, les<\/span><\/span> enfants<\/span><\/span> devraient, avant toute chose, \u00eatre initi\u00e9s \u00e0 cette merveille qu\u2019est la<\/span><\/span> Cellule.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Extrait de <\/span><\/span>La Voix du Nord, 8\u00a0octobre 1986<\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monsieur Jean-Claude Pecker est professeur au Coll\u00e8ge de France, membre de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences. Il est, au Coll\u00e8ge de France, le patron de la chaire d\u2019astrophysique th\u00e9orique. Il a dirig\u00e9 la constitution de ce monument qu\u2019est l\u2019Astronomie, publi\u00e9e aux \u00e9ditions Flammarion, en deux volumes. Dans cet ouvrage collectif, on trouvera ce que l\u2019on sait aujourd\u2019hui […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tresmontant-claude"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019Univers par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019Univers par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Monsieur Jean-Claude Pecker est professeur au Coll\u00e8ge de France, membre de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences. Il est, au Coll\u00e8ge de France, le patron de la chaire d\u2019astrophysique th\u00e9orique. Il a dirig\u00e9 la constitution de ce monument qu\u2019est l\u2019Astronomie, publi\u00e9e aux \u00e9ditions Flammarion, en deux volumes. 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3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation","og_description":"Monsieur Jean-Claude Pecker est professeur au Coll\u00e8ge de France, membre de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences. Il est, au Coll\u00e8ge de France, le patron de la chaire d\u2019astrophysique th\u00e9orique. Il a dirig\u00e9 la constitution de ce monument qu\u2019est l\u2019Astronomie, publi\u00e9e aux \u00e9ditions Flammarion, en deux volumes. Dans cet ouvrage collectif, on trouvera ce que l\u2019on sait aujourd\u2019hui […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/","og_site_name":"3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation","article_published_time":"2023-06-05T00:58:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":253,"height":289,"url":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Claude-Tresmontant.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"3e mill\u00e9naire","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"3e mill\u00e9naire","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/"},"author":{"name":"3e mill\u00e9naire","@id":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/b692dacff720a5344a6190bc714397eb"},"headline":"L\u2019Univers par Claude Tresmontant","datePublished":"2023-06-05T00:58:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/"},"wordCount":1518,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Claude-Tresmontant.jpg","articleSection":["Tresmontant Claude"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/","url":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/lunivers-par-claude-tresmontant-2\/","name":"L\u2019Univers par Claude Tresmontant - 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