{"id":19387,"date":"2023-08-11T15:10:58","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T14:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=19387"},"modified":"2023-08-11T15:10:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T14:10:58","slug":"cosmologie-et-philosophie-par-claude-tresmontant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/cosmologie-et-philosophie-par-claude-tresmontant\/","title":{"rendered":"Cosmologie et philosophie par Claude Tresmontant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> chronique<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieure,<\/span><\/span> consacr\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> avions<\/span><\/span> indiqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> passant<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> philosophiques<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> totalement<\/span><\/span> renouvel\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> jusqu\u2019en<\/span><\/span> leurs<\/span><\/span> fondements,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> grandes<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>cosmologie<\/span><\/span> moderne,<\/span><\/span> principalement<\/span><\/span> par la<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couverte<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> sommes pas dans un cosmos achev\u00e9, fixe, termin\u00e9, statique, de toute <\/span><\/span>\u00e9ternit\u00e9, <\/span><\/span>mais bien <\/span><\/span>au<\/span><\/span> contraire<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> Univers<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> processus<\/span><\/span> historique,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> composition<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effectuer<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> quelque<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> inachev\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Nous,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> d\u2019appara\u00eetre<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> terme<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> composition<\/span><\/span> inachev\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> ouvrons<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> yeux<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> oreilles<\/span><\/span> sur <\/span><\/span>cette symphonie cosmique <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>en train de se poursuivre.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Que<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> grands<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> philosophiques<\/span><\/span> soient<\/span><\/span> totalement<\/span><\/span> renouvel\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> \u00e9vident<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> l\u2019espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> temps.<\/span><\/span> On<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> parfois<\/span><\/span> repr\u00e9sent\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> si\u00e8cles<\/span><\/span> pass\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Temps<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9ceptacles<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> lesquels<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> serait<\/span><\/span> log\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> toute<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternit\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pomme<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> panier.<\/span><\/span> Comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> disait<\/span><\/span> Albert<\/span><\/span> Einstein<\/span><\/span> lorsqu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9barqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> New<\/span><\/span> York<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> quittant<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Allemagne<\/span><\/span> nazie,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Newton,<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> enl\u00e8ve<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> reste<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Temps.<\/span><\/span> Dans<\/span><\/span> mon<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> reste<\/span><\/span> rien.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>L\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Temps<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> \u00eatres.<\/span><\/span> Ce<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9ceptacles.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> log\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Temps.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Temps<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> concepts,<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> conceptions,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9riv\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> na\u00eet<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> commence,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> quelque vingt milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, alors l\u2019Espace et le Temps commencent avec lui. Avant<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> avait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> d\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> avait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Temps.<\/span><\/span> Lorsque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> grandit,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> grandit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> lui.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Espace<\/span><\/span> grandit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Temps.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> taille<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> \u00e2ge.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> \u00e2ge<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> fini,<\/span><\/span> alors<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> taille<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> finie.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> cinq,<\/span><\/span> dix<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> quinze<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> jeune.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> petit.<\/span><\/span> Pourquoi<\/span><\/span> est-ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> pouvait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> appara\u00eetre<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> Univers<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> minuscule<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> solaire<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> Parce<\/span><\/span> que,<\/span><\/span> lorsque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> solaire,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span> jeune.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019\u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> b\u00e9b\u00e9<\/span><\/span> Univers.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> lorsque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> avait<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> taille<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> solaire,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> galaxies<\/span><\/span> n\u2019\u00e9taient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> encore<\/span><\/span> form\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9toiles<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> constituent<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> galaxies<\/span><\/span> n\u2019\u00e9taient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> n\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles<\/span><\/span> n\u2019\u00e9taient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> n\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> atomes<\/span><\/span> lourds,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> carbone,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> fer,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> magn\u00e9sium,<\/span><\/span> etc.,<\/span><\/span> n\u2019\u00e9taient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> form\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> eux<\/span><\/span> non<\/span><\/span> plus,<\/span><\/span> puisque<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> noyaux<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> atomes<\/span><\/span> lourds<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> forment<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> c\u0153ur<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> quelques<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Lorsque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> solaire,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y avait pas <\/span><\/span>encore, <\/span><\/span>dans <\/span><\/span>l\u2019Univers, <\/span><\/span>les atomes <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>sont <\/span><\/span>n\u00e9cessaires pour faire le premier \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> vivant.<\/span><\/span> Par<\/span><\/span> cons\u00e9quent,<\/span><\/span> lorsque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> solaire,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> pouvait pas appara\u00eetre.<\/span><\/span> CQFD.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le<\/span><\/span> philosophe<\/span><\/span> allemand<\/span><\/span> Martin<\/span><\/span> Heidegger<\/span><\/span> raconte,<\/span><\/span> Introduction<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>M\u00e9taphysique,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>1935,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9dition<\/span><\/span> allemande<\/span><\/span> p.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>64<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Temps,<\/span><\/span> lorsqu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> avait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> d\u2019Homme\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>!\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Il<\/span><\/span> aurait<\/span><\/span> fallu<\/span><\/span> demander<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> philosophe<\/span><\/span> allemand<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> faisait<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9<\/span><\/span> l\u2019apparition<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> toute<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cosmog\u00e9n\u00e8se<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> formation<\/span><\/span> de la <\/span><\/span>Mati\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de la<\/span><\/span> Biogen\u00e8se,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Histoire<\/span><\/span> naturelle<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span> vivantes.<\/span><\/span> Voil\u00e0<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> philosophe<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019a<\/span><\/span> aucune<\/span><\/span> id\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> naturelle<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> avant<\/span><\/span> l\u2019apparition<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> \u00e9v\u00e9nement<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> fait r\u00e9cent. <\/span><\/span>Ses <\/span><\/span>disciples <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>langue fran\u00e7aise <\/span><\/span>sont apparemment dans le m\u00eame cas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En <\/span><\/span>ce qui <\/span><\/span>concerne <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>th\u00e9orie <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>causalit\u00e9, <\/span><\/span>il <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>\u00e9vident aussi <\/span><\/span>que <\/span><\/span>les <\/span><\/span>probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> totalement renouvel\u00e9s. Qu\u2019est-ce que la causalit\u00e9\u00a0? C\u2019est la communication de l\u2019information.<\/span><\/span> Toute<\/span><\/span> action causale, physique, biologique, intellectuelle, historique, est communication<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> information. Lorsque Karl\u00a0Marx \u00e9crit le Manifeste du Parti communiste, il exerce une action causale,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> va<\/span><\/span> agir<\/span><\/span> pendant<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> communiqu\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Lorsqu\u2019une<\/span><\/span> galaxie<\/span><\/span> lointaine<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> envoie<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> rayonnement,<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> exerce<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> action<\/span><\/span> causale<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u0153il<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019astronome<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> regarde<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> travers<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> t\u00e9lescope.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019astronome<\/span><\/span> re\u00e7oit<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> information<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> plusieurs<\/span><\/span> informations,<\/span><\/span> concernant<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e2ge<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> galaxie,<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> distance,<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> constitution,<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> vitesse<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> fuite,<\/span><\/span> etc.<\/span><\/span> Or,<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> galaxie<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> question<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> situ\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> distance<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> dix<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es-lumi\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> alors<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> lumi\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> issue<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> galaxie<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> partie<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> dix<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019astronome<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> travers<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> t\u00e9lescope<\/span><\/span> re\u00e7oit<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> information<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> partie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> source<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> dix<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> l\u2019astronome<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> sait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> galaxie<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> actuellement,<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sentement,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9tat<\/span><\/span> o\u00f9<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> voit.<\/span><\/span> Car<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> voit,<\/span><\/span> non<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> telle<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui,<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> telle<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> dix<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> causalit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> met<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> temps<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> s\u2019exercer.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> cause<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> contemporaine<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019effet.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> transmission<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information<\/span><\/span> causale<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> instantan\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> galaxie<\/span><\/span> lointaine<\/span><\/span> agit<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> avec <\/span><\/span>retard, <\/span><\/span>avec un <\/span><\/span>retard <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>est proportionnel <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 sa distance par rapport \u00e0 nous.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span><\/span>probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>Dieu,<\/span><\/span> lui <\/span><\/span>aussi,<\/span><\/span> est <\/span><\/span>totalement<\/span><\/span> renouvel\u00e9<\/span><\/span> par les <\/span><\/span>grandes<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> cosmologiques.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019avait<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> vu<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> pape<\/span><\/span> Pie<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>XII<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> conf\u00e9rence<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> 22<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>novembre<\/span><\/span> 1951<\/span><\/span> donn\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie<\/span><\/span> Pontificale<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> Sciences.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Aristote,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avons<\/span><\/span> rappel\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> chronique<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieure<\/span><\/span> consacr\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> s\u2019imaginait<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> divin,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternel<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> pass\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternel<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> \u00e9chappe<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> corruption.<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> au <\/span><\/span>XX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> cela<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> faux.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> n\u2019\u00e9chappe<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> ni<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> corruption.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9gime<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> environ<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> vieillit,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> s\u2019use,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9tend<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> gaz,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> refroidit,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> vieillit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> lui,<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> irr\u00e9versible.<\/span><\/span> Aristote<\/span><\/span> s\u2019imaginait<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> astres<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> substances<\/span><\/span> divines<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> \u00e9chappent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> corruption.<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir <\/span><\/span>au XX<\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle que le Soleil <\/span><\/span>transforme <\/span><\/span>son hydrog\u00e8ne en h\u00e9lium d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> irr\u00e9versible. Lorsqu\u2019il aura fini de <\/span><\/span>transformer <\/span><\/span>son <\/span><\/span>hydrog\u00e8ne <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>h\u00e9lium, alors <\/span><\/span>il <\/span><\/span>sera <\/span><\/span>une <\/span><\/span>\u00e9toile morte<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> chances<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> soit<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> divinit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> M\u00eame<\/span><\/span> raisonnement pour toutes les \u00e9toiles de notre Galaxie, et pour toutes les \u00e9toiles de toutes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> galaxies de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La science <\/span><\/span>moderne, <\/span><\/span>la science <\/span><\/span>exp\u00e9rimentale, <\/span><\/span>a donc <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9divinis\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>ou d\u00e9sacralis\u00e9<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/span> Aristote pensait que l\u2019Univers tout entier est <\/span><\/span>divin, sans <\/span><\/span>naissance,<\/span><\/span> sans \u00e9volution,<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> vieillissement, <\/span><\/span>sans risque <\/span><\/span>de mort. Nous savons maintenant que l\u2019Univers a commenc\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> \u00e9volue<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> irr\u00e9versible,<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> vieillit<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> irr\u00e9versible<\/span><\/span> aussi.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> divin,<\/span><\/span> alors<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> incr\u00e9\u00e9<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> justement<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> pensait<\/span><\/span> Aristote.<\/span><\/span> S\u2019il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> divin,<\/span><\/span> alors<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ternel<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> pass\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir.<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> venons<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> raisons<\/span><\/span> physiques<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> pas \u00eatre \u00e9ternel dans le pass\u00e9 ni dans l\u2019avenir et qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas divin. L\u2019Univers, comme nous l\u2019avions<\/span><\/span> not\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente<\/span><\/span> chronique,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> lumi\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> philosophique<\/span><\/span> fondamental<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> fin<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> celui<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019origine<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> lumi\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information.<\/span><\/span> Car<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information<\/span><\/span> augmente<\/span><\/span> constamment,<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re <\/span><\/span>irr\u00e9versible. <\/span><\/span>L\u2019Univers pass\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>ne suffit pas \u00e0 rendre compte tout seul de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information nouvelle<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> appara\u00eet<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> cours<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> temps.<\/span><\/span> Par<\/span><\/span> cons\u00e9quent<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> historique<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> re\u00e7oit <\/span><\/span>de l\u2019information. C\u2019est cela la position moderne du probl\u00e8me de Dieu. Elle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> cosmologique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Extrait de <\/span><\/span>La<\/span><\/span> Voix<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> Nord,<\/span><\/span> 3<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>janvier<\/span><\/span> 1987<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une chronique ant\u00e9rieure, consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Univers, nous avions indiqu\u00e9 en passant que tous les probl\u00e8mes philosophiques sont totalement renouvel\u00e9s, jusqu\u2019en leurs fondements, par les grandes d\u00e9couvertes de la cosmologie moderne, principalement par la d\u00e9couverte que nous ne sommes pas dans un cosmos achev\u00e9, fixe, termin\u00e9, statique, de toute \u00e9ternit\u00e9, mais bien au contraire dans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tresmontant-claude"],"yoast_head":"\nCosmologie et philosophie par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/cosmologie-et-philosophie-par-claude-tresmontant\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cosmologie et philosophie par Claude Tresmontant - 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