{"id":19486,"date":"2023-10-29T03:15:58","date_gmt":"2023-10-29T02:15:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=19486"},"modified":"2023-10-29T03:15:58","modified_gmt":"2023-10-29T02:15:58","slug":"le-hasard-par-claude-tresmontant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/le-hasard-par-claude-tresmontant\/","title":{"rendered":"Le hasard par Claude Tresmontant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans<\/span> une<\/span> chronique<\/span> consacr\u00e9e<\/span> au<\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> pluralit\u00e9<\/span> des<\/span> mondes<\/span> <\/a>habit\u00e9s,<\/span> conjecture<\/span> possible<\/span> \u2014<\/span> aucune<\/span> trace<\/span> exp\u00e9rimentale<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> cette<\/span> heure<\/span> \u2014<\/span> nous<\/span> avons<\/span> eu<\/span> l\u2019occasion<\/span> de<\/span> parler<\/span> du<\/span> hasard.<\/span> Je<\/span> me<\/span> prom\u00e8ne<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> P\u00e9kin.<\/span> Je<\/span> rencontre<\/span> mon<\/span> ami<\/span> Jules<\/span> que<\/span> je<\/span> n\u2019avais<\/span> pas<\/span> vu<\/span> depuis<\/span> des<\/span> ann\u00e9es.<\/span> Nous<\/span> ne<\/span> nous<\/span> \u00e9tions<\/span> pas<\/span> donn\u00e9<\/span> rendez-vous.<\/span> Nous<\/span> nous<\/span> \u00e9crions<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>Quel<\/span> hasard<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!\u00a0\u00bb<\/span> Le<\/span> terme<\/span> de<\/span> hasard<\/i><\/span> <\/i>signifie<\/span> simplement<\/span> que<\/span> notre<\/span> rencontre<\/span> fortuite<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> pas<\/span> caus\u00e9e<\/span> par<\/span> un<\/span> rendez-vous,<\/span> par<\/span> une<\/span> intention<\/span> de<\/span> notre<\/span> part.<\/span> Si<\/span> nous<\/span> cherchons<\/span> l\u2019un<\/span> et<\/span> l\u2019autre<\/span> les<\/span> causes<\/span> de<\/span> notre<\/span> pr\u00e9sence<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> P\u00e9kin,<\/span> nous<\/span> d\u00e9couvrons<\/span> deux<\/span> s\u00e9ries<\/span> de<\/span> causalit\u00e9s,<\/span> qui<\/span> se<\/span> sont<\/span> crois\u00e9es.<\/span> C\u2019est<\/span> le<\/span> croisement<\/span> qui<\/span> n\u2019est apparemment voulu par<\/span> personne.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le<\/span> hasard<\/span> est<\/span> un<\/span> terme<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> utilis\u00e9<\/span> par<\/span> nombre<\/span> de<\/span> savants<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> propos<\/span> des<\/span> origines<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> vie<\/span> dans<\/span> notre<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> solaire<\/span> et<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> propos<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span> biologique.<\/span> Pour<\/span> rendre<\/span> compte<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019apparition<\/span> du<\/span> premier<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> vivant,<\/span> dans<\/span> notre<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> solaire,<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> environ<\/span> quatre<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span> il<\/span> faut<\/span> rendre<\/span> compte<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> composition<\/span> de<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span> de<\/span> haute<\/span> complexit\u00e9.<\/span> Ces<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span> sont<\/span> elles-m\u00eames<\/span> compos\u00e9es<\/span> avec<\/span> des<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> plus<\/span> simples.<\/span> Par<\/span> exemple<\/span> les<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> qui<\/span> portent<\/span> ou<\/span> supportent<\/span> toute<\/span> l\u2019information,<\/span> tous<\/span> les<\/span> renseignements<\/span> qui<\/span> sont<\/span> requis,<\/span> pour<\/span> commander<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> construction<\/span> des<\/span> \u00eatres<\/span> vivants<\/span> les<\/span> plus<\/span> simples,<\/span> ces<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> sont<\/span> compos\u00e9es,<\/span> \u00e9crites,<\/span> avec<\/span> quatre<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/span> fort<\/span> complexes,<\/span> qui<\/span> servent<\/span> de<\/span> signes,<\/span> de<\/span> lettres.<\/span> Elles<\/span> sont<\/span> arrang\u00e9es<\/span> trois<\/span> par<\/span> trois.<\/span> Un<\/span> mot<\/span> est<\/span> \u00e9crit<\/span> avec<\/span> un<\/span> arrangement<\/span> de<\/span> ces<\/span> trois<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019on<\/span> appelle<\/span> les<\/span> bases.<\/span> D\u2019autre<\/span> part<\/span> toutes<\/span> les<\/span> prot\u00e9ines<\/span> dans<\/span> la<\/span> nature,<\/span> dans<\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span> naturelle<\/span> des<\/span> \u00eatres<\/span> vivants,<\/span> sont<\/span> \u00e9crites<\/span> avec<\/span> vingt<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> plus<\/span> simples,<\/span> mais<\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/span> fort<\/span> complexes,<\/span> les<\/span> acides<\/span> amin\u00e9s,<\/span> qui<\/span> servent<\/span> aussi<\/span> de<\/span> lettres<\/span> comme<\/span> les<\/span> lettres<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019alphabet<\/span> pour<\/span> \u00e9crire<\/span> un<\/span> roman<\/span> ou<\/span> tout<\/span> autre<\/span> ouvrage.<\/span> Ainsi<\/span> donc<\/span> deux<\/span> alphabets<\/span> ont<\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> invent\u00e9s<\/span> dans<\/span> notre<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> solaire<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> environ<\/span> quatre<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span> \u2014<\/span> et<\/span> un<\/span> lexique,<\/span> pour<\/span> traduire<\/span> l\u2019information<\/span> contenue<\/span> dans<\/span> les<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> g\u00e9antes <\/span>qui<\/span> sont<\/span> pelotonn\u00e9es<\/span> dans<\/span> le<\/span> noyau<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> cellule,<\/span> \u2014<\/span> dans<\/span> le<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> linguistique<\/span> des<\/span> prot\u00e9ines.<\/span> Bien<\/span> d\u2019autres<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> ont<\/span> encore<\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> invent\u00e9es,<\/span> pour<\/span> transf\u00e9rer<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9nergie,<\/span> et<\/span> puis<\/span> des<\/span> graisses,<\/span> des<\/span> vitamines,<\/span> etc.<\/span> En<\/span> 1952,<\/span> un<\/span> jeune<\/span> chercheur<\/span> am\u00e9ricain,<\/span> S.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Miller<\/span> travaillait<\/span> dans<\/span> le<\/span> laboratoire<\/span> de<\/span> son<\/span> patron<\/span> Urey.<\/span> Il<\/span> avait<\/span> lu<\/span> les<\/span> ouvrages<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019illustre<\/span> savant<\/span> sovi\u00e9tique,<\/span> Oparine,<\/span> qui<\/span> s\u2019est<\/span> efforc\u00e9<\/span> d\u2019imaginer<\/span> comment<\/span> se<\/span> sont<\/span> form\u00e9s<\/span> les<\/span> premiers<\/span> \u00eatres<\/span> vivants,<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> trois<\/span> ou<\/span> quatre<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span> S.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Miller a <\/span>mis <\/span>dans un r\u00e9cipient de l\u2019eau, de l\u2019ammoniac, du m\u00e9thane, <\/span>etc., <\/span>et il a <\/span>envoy\u00e9 dans<\/span> ce<\/span> m\u00e9lange<\/span> des<\/span> d\u00e9charges<\/span> \u00e9lectriques.<\/span> Il<\/span> a<\/span> obtenu<\/span> ainsi<\/span> spontan\u00e9ment<\/span> quelques-uns<\/span> des<\/span> acides<\/span> amin\u00e9s<\/span> avec <\/span>lesquels <\/span>sont \u00e9crites toutes les prot\u00e9ines de tous les \u00eatres vivants.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9fl\u00e9chissons<\/span> bien<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> cette<\/span> exp\u00e9rience<\/span> c\u00e9l\u00e8bre.<\/span> Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019elle<\/span> prouve<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>?<\/span> Elle<\/span> prouve<\/span> que<\/span> si<\/span> l\u2019on<\/span> met<\/span> en<\/span> pr\u00e9sence<\/span> certains<\/span> corps,<\/span> ils<\/span> s\u2019arrangent<\/span> entre<\/span> eux,<\/span> ils<\/span> se<\/span> composent<\/span> spontan\u00e9ment,<\/span> ils<\/span> forment<\/span> des<\/span> mol\u00e9cules.<\/span> Ce<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> donc<\/span> pas<\/span> le<\/span> hasard.<\/span> La<\/span> mati\u00e8re,<\/span> les<\/span> atomes,<\/span> les<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> simples,<\/span> sont<\/span> ainsi<\/span> faits<\/span> que<\/span> dans<\/span> certaines<\/span> circonstances,<\/span> ils<\/span> s\u2019arrangent<\/span> entre<\/span> eux<\/span> pour<\/span> former<\/span> des<\/span> compos\u00e9s plus<\/span> complexes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De <\/span>m\u00eame, <\/span>dans des <\/span>exp\u00e9riences ult\u00e9rieures <\/span>et <\/span>analogues <\/span>on a <\/span>obtenu <\/span>la <\/span>synth\u00e8se <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019une<\/span> ou<\/span> l\u2019autre<\/span> des<\/span> bases,<\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span> des<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires,<\/span> qui<\/span> sont<\/span> comme<\/span> les<\/span> lettres<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019alphabet,<\/span> avec lesquelles <\/span>sont \u00e9crites les mol\u00e9cules g\u00e9antes qui supportent l\u2019information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais<\/span> l\u2019arrangement<\/span> de<\/span> ces<\/span> bases<\/span> entre<\/span> elles,<\/span> en<\/span> sorte<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> en<\/span> r\u00e9sulte<\/span> un<\/span> texte<\/span> qui<\/span> ait<\/span> un<\/span> sens,<\/span> et<\/span> quel <\/span>sens\u00a0<\/span>: les <\/span>instructions requises <\/span>pour <\/span>composer <\/span>le premier \u00eatre vivant\u00a0! Avec tous<\/span> nos<\/span> laboratoires,<\/span> et<\/span> tous<\/span> nos<\/span> prix<\/span> Nobel,<\/span> nous<\/span> ne<\/span> savons<\/span> toujours<\/span> pas,<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> cette<\/span> heure,<\/span> en<\/span> recopiant<\/span> la<\/span> nature,<\/span> comme<\/span> un<\/span> cancre<\/span> qui<\/span> copie<\/span> sur<\/span> le<\/span> cahier<\/span> de<\/span> son<\/span> copain<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> c\u00f4t\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> lui,<\/span> \u2014<\/span> nous<\/span> ne<\/span> savons toujours pas faire la synth\u00e8se du plus simple des<\/span> vivants.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Comprenons bien les donn\u00e9es du probl\u00e8me. Spontan\u00e9ment, dans des circonstances<\/span> physiques<\/span> et<\/span> chimiques<\/span> appropri\u00e9es,<\/span> on<\/span> obtient<\/span> les<\/span> \u00e9l\u00e9ments,<\/span> les<\/span> bases,<\/span> les<\/span> lettres<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019alphabet<\/span> avec<\/span> lesquelles<\/span> sont<\/span> \u00e9crites<\/span> ces<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span> que<\/span> sont<\/span> les<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> charg\u00e9es<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019information<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, <\/span>et les<\/span> prot\u00e9ines.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais le message lui-m\u00eame, l\u2019information elle-m\u00eame, d\u2019o\u00f9 viennent-ils\u00a0? Le <\/span>probl\u00e8me<\/span> se<\/span> retrouve donc en son <\/span>entier. Comment comprendre, <\/span>il y a quatre ou trois milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span> l\u2019apparition d\u2019un message g\u00e9n\u00e9tique capable de commander \u00e0 la construction d\u2019un \u00eatre vivant<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nombre<\/span> de<\/span> savants<\/span> r\u00e9pondent<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> le<\/span> hasard<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!<\/span> \u2014<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Mais<\/span> le<\/span> hasard<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> pas<\/span> une<\/span> explication.<\/span> C\u2019est une absence d\u2019explication. Si mon ami Jules et <\/span>moi-m\u00eame <\/span>nous nous \u00e9crions\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>Quel hasard<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!\u00a0\u00bb \u2014<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Nous<\/span> ne<\/span> pr\u00e9tendons<\/span> pas<\/span> pour<\/span> autant<\/span> avoir<\/span> trouv\u00e9<\/span> une<\/span> explication<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> notre<\/span> rencontre<\/span> impr\u00e9vue<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> P\u00e9kin.<\/span> Au<\/span> contraire,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> parce<\/span> que<\/span> nous<\/span> ne<\/span> connaissons<\/span> pas<\/span> la<\/span> cause<\/span> de<\/span> cette<\/span> rencontre,<\/span> que<\/span> nous<\/span> nous \u00e9crions\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Quel hasard<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nombre de savants, am\u00e9ricains, anglais, fran\u00e7ais ou autres, assurent aussi que la<\/span> croissance<\/span> de l\u2019information au cours du temps, \u00e0 savoir la gen\u00e8se, la <\/span>formation <\/span>de <\/span>nouveaux<\/span> messages<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques,<\/span> qui<\/span> contiennent<\/span> une<\/span> information<\/span> nouvelle,<\/span> capable<\/span> de<\/span> commander<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> construction<\/span> de<\/span> syst\u00e8mes<\/span> biologiques<\/span> nouveaux,<\/span> et<\/span> donc<\/span> d\u2019organismes<\/span> nouveaux<\/span> \u2014<\/span> nombre<\/span> de<\/span> savants<\/span> pr\u00e9tendent<\/span> que<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> l\u00e0<\/span> encore<\/span> un<\/span> effet<\/span> du<\/span> hasard<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> le<\/span> hasard<\/span> des<\/span> fautes<\/span> de copie<\/span> malheureuses parmi<\/span> lesquelles<\/span> il<\/span> s\u2019en<\/span> trouve<\/span> parfois<\/span> une<\/span> heureuse<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!<\/span> Plus<\/span> les<\/span> anciens<\/span> manuscrits<\/span> grecs<\/span> sont<\/span> recopi\u00e9s<\/span> depuis<\/span> des<\/span> si\u00e8cles,<\/span> et<\/span> plus<\/span> ils<\/span> se<\/span> chargent<\/span> d\u2019erreurs<\/span> de<\/span> copies,<\/span> et<\/span> plus<\/span> leur<\/span> contenu<\/span> d\u2019information<\/span> diminue.<\/span> Si<\/span> les<\/span> fautes<\/span> de<\/span> copie<\/span> augmentent<\/span> et<\/span> s\u2019accumulent,<\/span> alors<\/span> les<\/span> non-sens<\/span> et<\/span> les<\/span> contresens<\/span> augmentent,<\/span> et<\/span> bient\u00f4t <\/span>le manuscrit va devenir inutilisable et<\/span> inintelligible.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nombre<\/span> de<\/span> savants<\/span> biologistes<\/span> nous<\/span> assurent<\/span> que<\/span> dans<\/span> la<\/span> Nature,<\/span> dans<\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span> naturelle<\/span> des<\/span> \u00eatres<\/span> vivants,<\/span> plus<\/span> les<\/span> erreurs<\/span> de<\/span> copie<\/span> des<\/span> messages<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/span> augmentent<\/span> en<\/span> nombre<\/span> et<\/span> en<\/span> qualit\u00e9,<\/span> et<\/span> plus<\/span> nous<\/span> assistons<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> ces<\/span> merveilleuses<\/span> inventions<\/span> que<\/span> sont<\/span> l\u2019invention<\/span> du<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> nerveux,<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u0153il,<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> sexualit\u00e9,<\/span> etc.<\/span> Une<\/span> divinit\u00e9<\/span> tut\u00e9laire<\/span> f\u00e9minine,<\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span> appellent depuis<\/span> Darwin,<\/span> la<\/span> s\u00e9lection<\/span> naturelle,<\/span> fait<\/span> le<\/span> choix,<\/span> le<\/span> tri,<\/span> entre<\/span> les<\/span> mauvaises<\/span> erreurs<\/span> de<\/span> copie,<\/span> celles<\/span> qui<\/span> contiennent <\/span>des inventions des <\/span>syst\u00e8mes biologiques nouveaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> vivant,<\/span> depuis<\/span> le<\/span> plus<\/span> simple<\/span> jusqu\u2019au<\/span> plus<\/span> complexe,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> un<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> biologique<\/span> qui<\/span> subsiste,<\/span> qui<\/span> se<\/span> d\u00e9veloppe,<\/span> qui<\/span> se<\/span> r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8re,<\/span> qui<\/span> se<\/span> gu\u00e9rit,<\/span> qui<\/span> se<\/span> reproduit,<\/span> alors<\/span> que<\/span> toute<\/span> la<\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span> int\u00e9gr\u00e9e,<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> savoir<\/span> les<\/span> atomes<\/span> et<\/span> les<\/span> mol\u00e9cules,<\/span> sont<\/span> constamment<\/span> chang\u00e9s.<\/span> Ainsi<\/span> vous<\/span> et<\/span> moi<\/span> nous<\/span> n\u2019avons<\/span> plus<\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span> en<\/span> nous<\/span> aucun<\/span> des<\/span> atomes<\/span> qui<\/span> entraient<\/span> dans<\/span> notre<\/span> constitution<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> vingt<\/span> ans.<\/span> De<\/span> plus,<\/span> un<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> vivant<\/span> est<\/span> un<\/span> psychisme.<\/span> Un<\/span> psychisme<\/span> simple,<\/span> comme<\/span> celui<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019amibe,<\/span> un <\/span>psychisme beaucoup <\/span>plus \u00e9volu\u00e9 <\/span>comme <\/span>celui <\/span>du <\/span>lion, <\/span>du <\/span>chat, <\/span>du <\/span>cheval, <\/span>du <\/span>chien, <\/span>du gorille.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Revenons<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> mon<\/span> ami<\/span> Jules<\/span> rencontr\u00e9<\/span> par<\/span> hasard<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> P\u00e9kin.<\/span> Le<\/span> hasard<\/span> n\u2019explique<\/span> rien<\/span> du<\/span> tout.<\/span> Le<\/span> terme<\/span> hasard<\/i><\/span> <\/i>signifie<\/span> que<\/span> nous<\/span> ne<\/span> connaissons<\/span> pas<\/span> la<\/span> cause<\/span> de<\/span> notre<\/span> rencontre,<\/span> qui<\/span> reste<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> d\u00e9terminer.<\/span> Le<\/span> hasard<\/span> explique<\/span> encore<\/span> moins<\/span> notre<\/span> existence.<\/span> Pour<\/span> que<\/span> deux<\/span> \u00eatres<\/span> se<\/span> rencontrent,<\/span> encore<\/span> faut-il<\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span> existent.<\/span> Aucun<\/span> hasard<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> expliquer<\/span> la<\/span> moindre<\/span> existence.<\/span> Le<\/span> hasard<\/span> ne<\/span> peut pas expliquer l\u2019existence <\/span>du <\/span>moindre <\/span>vivant, qui est un psychisme. Le probl\u00e8me reste<\/span> entier.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019erreur<\/span> des<\/span> anciens<\/span> philosophes<\/span> atomistes<\/span> du<\/span> V<\/span>e<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle<\/span> avant<\/span> notre<\/span> \u00e8re,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> d\u2019abord<\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span> s\u2019accordaient,<\/span> pour<\/span> effectuer<\/span> le<\/span> calcul<\/span> des<\/span> chances,<\/span> un<\/span> temps<\/span> infini,<\/span> un<\/span> espace<\/span> infini,<\/span> une<\/span> quantit\u00e9 infinie<\/span> de<\/span> mati\u00e8re.<\/span> Ainsi,<\/span> pensaient-ils,<\/span> avec<\/span> le<\/span> temps,<\/span> les<\/span> atomes<\/span> se<\/span> brassent,<\/span> s\u2019accrochent,<\/span> et forment<\/span> au<\/span> hasard<\/span> la<\/span> libellule,<\/span> la<\/span> girafe,<\/span> le<\/span> papillon,<\/span> etc.<\/span> Nous<\/span> savons<\/span> en<\/span> cette<\/span> fin<\/span> du<\/span> XX<\/span>e<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle<\/span> que<\/span> nous<\/span> ne<\/span> disposons<\/span> pas<\/span> d\u2019un<\/span> temps<\/span> infini,<\/span> d\u2019un<\/span> espace<\/span> infini,<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> quantit\u00e9<\/span> infinie<\/span> de<\/span> mati\u00e8re,<\/span> pour<\/span> effectuer<\/span> notre<\/span> calcul<\/span> des<\/span> chances.<\/span> Notre<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> solaire<\/span> est<\/span> \u00e2g\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> cinq<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span> La<\/span> vie est apparue sur notre plan\u00e8te Terre il y a quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es d\u00e8s que la Terre a<\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> physiquement pr\u00eate. Cela n\u2019a pas<\/span> tra\u00een\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais<\/span> erreur<\/span> plus<\/span> profonde<\/span> encore,<\/span> ils<\/span> se<\/span> sont<\/span> imagin\u00e9s<\/span> que<\/span> si<\/span> vous<\/span> prenez<\/span> des<\/span> atomes<\/span> priv\u00e9s<\/span> de<\/span> vie<\/span> et<\/span> de<\/span> pens\u00e9e,<\/span> des<\/span> atomes<\/span> de<\/span> mati\u00e8re,<\/span> et<\/span> si<\/span> vous<\/span> les<\/span> arrangez<\/span> entre<\/span> eux,<\/span> cela<\/span> peut<\/span> donner<\/span> un<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> vivant.<\/span> C\u2019est<\/span> l\u00e0<\/span> l\u2019erreur<\/span> de<\/span> fond.<\/span> Si<\/span> vous<\/span> prenez<\/span> tous<\/span> les<\/span> atomes<\/span> qui<\/span> constituent<\/span> l\u2019amibe<\/span> ou<\/span> la<\/span> puce,<\/span> et<\/span> si<\/span> vous<\/span> les<\/span> mettez<\/span> en<\/span> place<\/span> comme<\/span> il<\/span> convient,<\/span> vous<\/span> aurez<\/span> obtenu<\/span> un<\/span> joli<\/span> cadavre<\/span> frais<\/span> d\u2019amibe<\/span> ou<\/span> de<\/span> puce,<\/span> mais<\/span> non<\/span> pas<\/span> une<\/span> amibe<\/span> vivante<\/span> ou<\/span> une<\/span> puce<\/span> vivante<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!<\/span> Rappelons<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> un<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> vivant<\/span> est<\/span> un<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> capable<\/span> de<\/span> renouveler<\/span> constamment<\/span> la<\/span> mati\u00e8re,<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> savoir<\/span> les<\/span> atomes,<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> int\u00e8gre, tout en restant <\/span>lui-m\u00eame. <\/span>Un \u00eatre vivant est un <\/span>psychisme. <\/span>Tout \u00eatre vivant est<\/span> un<\/span> psychisme.<\/span> Avec<\/span> des<\/span> atomes,<\/span> en<\/span> nombre<\/span> aussi<\/span> grand<\/span> que<\/span> vous<\/span> voudrez,<\/span> et<\/span> arrang\u00e9s<\/span> comme<\/span> vous<\/span> voulez, vous n\u2019obtiendrez pas le moindre psychisme, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le moindre<\/span> vivant.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent la pr\u00e9tendue <\/span>explication <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019apparition <\/span>de la vie par le hasard est<\/span> une<\/span> explication<\/span> pour<\/span> rire.<\/span> Le<\/span> hasard<\/span> n\u2019explique<\/span> pas<\/span> une<\/span> seule<\/span> rencontre<\/span> entre<\/span> deux<\/span> \u00eatres.<\/span> Il<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> pas<\/span> une<\/span> explication.<\/span> Il<\/span> est<\/span> une<\/span> absence<\/span> d\u2019explication.<\/span> Il<\/span> explique<\/span> encore<\/span> moins<\/span> l\u2019existence<\/span> d\u2019un<\/span> \u00eatre,<\/span> car<\/span> aucun <\/span>arrangement <\/span>de <\/span>mati\u00e8re <\/span>ne peut <\/span>suffire <\/span>\u00e0 rendre <\/span>compte <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019existence <\/span>du moindre<\/span> psychisme, donc du moindre<\/span> vivant.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Extrait de La<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Voix<\/i><\/span> <\/i>du<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Nord,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>1e<\/span> <\/i>f\u00e9vrier<\/span> 1987<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une chronique consacr\u00e9e au probl\u00e8me de la pluralit\u00e9 des mondes habit\u00e9s, conjecture possible \u2014 aucune trace exp\u00e9rimentale \u00e0 cette heure \u2014 nous avons eu l\u2019occasion de parler du hasard. Je me prom\u00e8ne \u00e0 P\u00e9kin. Je rencontre mon ami Jules que je n\u2019avais pas vu depuis des ann\u00e9es. Nous ne nous \u00e9tions pas donn\u00e9 rendez-vous. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1419],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tresmontant-claude"],"yoast_head":"\nLe hasard par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/le-hasard-par-claude-tresmontant\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le hasard par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans une chronique consacr\u00e9e au probl\u00e8me de la pluralit\u00e9 des mondes habit\u00e9s, conjecture possible \u2014 aucune trace exp\u00e9rimentale \u00e0 cette heure \u2014 nous avons eu l\u2019occasion de parler du hasard. 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