{"id":19598,"date":"2023-12-11T04:11:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T03:11:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=19598"},"modified":"2023-12-11T04:11:11","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T03:11:11","slug":"les-molecules-de-la-vie-par-claude-tresmontant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/les-molecules-de-la-vie-par-claude-tresmontant\/","title":{"rendered":"Les mol\u00e9cules de la vie par Claude Tresmontant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Univers, il y a environ quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, <\/span><\/span>peut-\u00eatre <\/span><\/span>un peu<\/span><\/span> moins,<\/span><\/span> apparaissent<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9videmment<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> toutes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules,<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> atomes.<\/span><\/span> Encore<\/span><\/span> fallait-il<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> atomes<\/span><\/span> eux-m\u00eames<\/span><\/span> soient<\/span><\/span> form\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9s\u2026<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> avons vu dans des chroniques ant\u00e9rieures que les atomes complexes, aux noyaux lourds,<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> forment<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019int\u00e9rieur<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> laboratoires<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> synth\u00e8se.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Encore<\/span><\/span> fallait-il<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00e9toiles<\/span><\/span> existent\u2026<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> avons<\/span><\/span> vu<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elles<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> formaient<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> quelques<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elles<\/span><\/span> constituaient,<\/span><\/span> ensemble,<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> galaxies,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> milliards.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> gaz<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> galaxies,<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> gaz<\/span><\/span> dont les galaxies <\/span><\/span>sont <\/span><\/span>les<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sur notre obscure plan\u00e8te, qui est sans doute \u00e2g\u00e9e d\u2019un peu moins de cinq milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> composition<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> continue.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> atomes<\/span><\/span> composent<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules,<\/span><\/span> relativement<\/span><\/span> simples.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> relativement<\/span><\/span> simples<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> composent<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> elles,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> constituent<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> beaucoup<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> complexes.<\/span><\/span> Ces<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> beaucoup<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> complexes<\/span><\/span> s\u2019arrangent<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> elles<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> constituer<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> v\u00e9ritablement<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> fallait<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> plan\u00e8te<\/span><\/span> Terre<\/span><\/span> soit<\/span><\/span> suffisamment<\/span><\/span> refroidie pour permettre des<\/span><\/span> compositions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tonnant,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> composition<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> macromol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> poursuit<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> ind\u00e9finiment.<\/span><\/span> Elle<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> termine<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> quelques<\/span><\/span> compositions<\/span><\/span> fondamentales,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> vont<\/span><\/span> servir<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> leur tour pour composer des messages de plus en plus riches en<\/span><\/span> information.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le lecteur de langue fran\u00e7aise peut trouver aujourd\u2019hui des livres remarquables dans<\/span><\/span> lesquels<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> pourra<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tudier,<\/span><\/span> s\u2019il<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> veut,<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> compositions.<\/span><\/span> Rappelons<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ouvrage<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9sormais<\/span><\/span> classique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> James<\/span><\/span> D.<\/span><\/span> Watson,<\/span><\/span> Biologie<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>mol\u00e9culaire<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>du<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>g\u00e8ne<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>(traduction<\/span><\/span> fran\u00e7aise<\/span><\/span> Inter-Editions,<\/span><\/span> Paris).<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Nous<\/span><\/span> avions<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sent\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> ici<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> quelques<\/span><\/span> ann\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> merveilleuse<\/span><\/span> collection<\/span><\/span> M\u00e9thodes,<\/span><\/span> publi\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> Hermann,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> laquelle<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> trouvera<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> livres<\/span><\/span> remarquables<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> clart\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> beaut\u00e9, <\/span><\/span>consacr\u00e9s <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 la Cellule, la Biologie et la physiologie cellulaire, la <\/span><\/span>Biosynth\u00e8se <\/span><\/span>des<\/span><\/span> prot\u00e9ines,<\/span><\/span> un Atlas de Biologie mol\u00e9culaire, etc. Des chefs-d\u2019\u0153uvre de p\u00e9dagogie<\/span><\/span> savante.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span>librairie Belin vient <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>publier <\/span><\/span>en traduction <\/span><\/span>fran\u00e7aise <\/span><\/span>un <\/span><\/span>excellent <\/span><\/span>ouvrage d\u2019ensemble<\/span><\/span> intitul\u00e9<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> Les<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Mol\u00e9cules<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>vie.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Les<\/span><\/span> sch\u00e9mas,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> photographies,<\/span><\/span> font<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> recueil<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9cieux<\/span><\/span> instrument<\/span><\/span> d\u2019initiation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Je<\/span><\/span> voudrais<\/span><\/span> prendre<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> dire<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> lecteurs<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> laisser<\/span><\/span> intimider<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> livres<\/span><\/span> savants.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> difficile<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> comprendre<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> d\u2019apprendre<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> langues<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> nature,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> grammaire<\/span><\/span> anglaise.<\/span><\/span> En<\/span><\/span> fait,<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> langues<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> nature<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> beaucoup<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> rationnelles<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> langues humaines modernes. Plus rationnelles et plus<\/span><\/span> efficaces.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> donc,<\/span><\/span> apparaissent<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> alphabets.<\/span><\/span> Un<\/span><\/span> alphabet<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019\u00e9crit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> \u00e9l\u00e9ments,<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> types<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules,<\/span><\/span> arrang\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> trois<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> trois.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Et<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> alphabet<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019\u00e9crit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> vingtaine<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> acides<\/span><\/span> amin\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Le<\/span><\/span> premier<\/span><\/span> alphabet,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019\u00e9crit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> fondamentales,<\/span><\/span> sert<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> \u00e9crire,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> composer<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> messages<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>tous les <\/span><\/span>\u00eatres vivants, depuis <\/span><\/span>un <\/span><\/span>peu <\/span><\/span>moins de quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Ces messages<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes,<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> petites.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> contiennent<\/span><\/span> toutes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> informations<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> requises<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> composer<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> monocellulaire,<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> vivant<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> seule<\/span><\/span> cellule<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span>puis<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> organismes<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>plus<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> complexes,<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> milliers, puis de<\/span><\/span> millions,<\/span><\/span> puis<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> cellules<\/span><\/span> diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> travaillent<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> concert.<\/span><\/span> Lorsque<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> biologique<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> petit,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> cas<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monocellulaire,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique charg\u00e9 de le constituer est relativement petit, lui <\/span><\/span>aussi. <\/span><\/span>Mais avec tous nos <\/span><\/span>Prix Nobel, <\/span><\/span>et tous<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> Laboratoires,<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Terre<\/span><\/span> enti\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> sommes<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> encore<\/span><\/span> capables,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> recopiant<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Nature,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> cancre<\/span><\/span> copie<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> cahier<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> voisin,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> faire<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> synth\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> seul<\/span><\/span> monocellulaire<\/span><\/span> vivant.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> difficult\u00e9<\/span><\/span> quelque<\/span><\/span> part.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Au<\/span><\/span> fur<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> mesure<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on avance dans l\u2019Histoire naturelle des \u00eatres vivants, on voit les messages g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques s\u2019enrichir<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> information.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> long,<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> riche<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> information<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> commander<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> construction<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> Diplodocus,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> commander<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> construction<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> premier<\/span><\/span> monocellulaire.<\/span><\/span> Lorsqu\u2019un<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> biologique<\/span><\/span> nouveau<\/span><\/span> appara\u00eet<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Nature,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019un<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span><\/span> nouveau<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> communiqu\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019existait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> auparavant.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui,<\/span><\/span> lorsqu\u2019un<\/span><\/span> monsieur<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cour<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> jolie<\/span><\/span> dame,<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> sache<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> non,<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> s\u2019en<\/span><\/span> doute<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> non,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> propose,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> communiquer<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> Information<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme,<\/span><\/span> pelotonn\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> chaque<\/span><\/span> noyau<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> chaque<\/span><\/span> cellule,<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9roulait,<\/span><\/span> mesurerait<\/span><\/span> plusieurs<\/span><\/span> m\u00e8tres.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> contient<\/span><\/span> toutes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> informations<\/span><\/span> requises<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> constituer<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> enfant<\/span><\/span> d\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> nouveau,<\/span><\/span> tel<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019en<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> jamais<\/span><\/span> exist\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> puisque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> communique<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Information<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> singularit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> biologique.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> femme<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> re\u00e7oit<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Information<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> communique<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> tour<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> message,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> trouve<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> noyau<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ovule.<\/span><\/span> Un<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> communiqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme,<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> communiqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> femme,<\/span><\/span> donnent<\/span><\/span> ensemble<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> combinaison<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> nouveau<\/span><\/span> message,<\/span><\/span> unique,<\/span><\/span> in\u00e9dit,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> va<\/span><\/span> commander<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> construction<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> enfant<\/span><\/span> d\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> unique,<\/span><\/span> nouveau,<\/span><\/span> tel<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019on<\/span><\/span> n\u2019en<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> jamais<\/span><\/span> vu<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> naturelle<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieure,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> tel<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019on<\/span><\/span> n\u2019en<\/span><\/span> verra<\/span><\/span> jamais<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir.<\/span><\/span> Chacun<\/span><\/span> d\u2019entre<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> Po\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> unique<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> exclusif.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> cons\u00e9quent<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> amants<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> raison<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> dire<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> Tu<\/span><\/span> es<\/span><\/span> pour moi <\/span><\/span>irrempla\u00e7able\u00a0<\/span><\/span>! Ils ne savent pas \u00e0 quel point ils ont raison.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il y a un peu moins de quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es aussi, dans la m\u00eame mare \u00e0 canards \u2014<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> il n\u2019y avait pas encore de canard, \u2014 dans la m\u00eame goutte, et au m\u00eame moment, \u00e0 la <\/span><\/span>m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> seconde,<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> invent\u00e9<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> autre<\/span><\/span> alphabet,<\/span><\/span> celui<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> \u00e9crit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> acides<\/span><\/span> amin\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> principaux.<\/span><\/span> Avec<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> second<\/span><\/span> alphabet<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> \u00e9l\u00e9ments,<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9crites,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> moins de quatre <\/span><\/span>milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, <\/span><\/span>toutes les prot\u00e9ines de tous les \u00eatres<\/span><\/span> vivants.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On <\/span><\/span>trouvera <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>description, avec d\u2019excellents sch\u00e9mas, <\/span><\/span>de ces <\/span><\/span>diverses <\/span><\/span>mol\u00e9cules g\u00e9antes,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ouvrage<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sentons<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> Les<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Mol\u00e9cules<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Vie.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> fort<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> expliqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> fort<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> dessin\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> mare<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> canards<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> canard, dans la <\/span><\/span>m\u00eame <\/span><\/span>goutte, au m\u00eame moment, a \u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9 un dictionnaire, ou, si l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9f\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> lexique.<\/span><\/span> Car<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Information<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9atrice,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> biologistes<\/span><\/span> appellent<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> inscrite<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span><\/span> compos\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> simples,<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> transmise<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> appareils,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> comparables<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> cha\u00eenes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> montage.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> appareils<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effectue<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> composition<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9crites<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> vingtaine<\/span><\/span> d\u2019acides<\/span><\/span> amin\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> appelle<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> prot\u00e9ines.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> existe<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> correspondance<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> quelconque,<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> message<\/span><\/span> communiqu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cule<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9ante<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9tient<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Information,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> acides<\/span><\/span> amin\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> vont<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> enfil\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> comme on enfile des perles pour faire un<\/span><\/span> collier.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette correspondance constante, entre deux syst\u00e8mes linguistiques, l\u2019un qui s\u2019\u00e9crit<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> quatre \u00e9l\u00e9ments, et l\u2019autre qui s\u2019\u00e9crit avec vingt \u00e9l\u00e9ments, cela s\u2019appelle un lexique ou<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> dictionnaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/span>langue <\/span><\/span>dans <\/span><\/span>laquelle <\/span><\/span>sont <\/span><\/span>\u00e9crits <\/span><\/span>tous les <\/span><\/span>messages g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>tous <\/span><\/span>les \u00eatres vivants,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> quatre<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> constante.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> langue<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> laquelle<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9crites<\/span><\/span> toutes<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> prot\u00e9ines<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00eatres<\/span><\/span> vivants<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> constante.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> correspondance<\/span><\/span> entre ces deux langues, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le lexique, est constant lui<\/span><\/span> aussi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span><\/span> quelqu\u2019un<\/span><\/span> vient<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> dire<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> cela<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> produit<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> hasard<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> petite<\/span><\/span> goutte<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame instant, il risquera de nous faire mourir de<\/span><\/span> rire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Einstein admirait que l\u2019Univers soit intelligible. Ce qui est \u00e9ternellement incompr\u00e9hensible, \u00e9crivait-il,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> soit<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> intelligible.<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Non<\/span><\/span> seulement<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> consid\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> ensemble<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> intelligible,<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00eatres<\/span><\/span> vivants<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> eux-m\u00eames<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> po\u00e8mes,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9crits<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> appartiennent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> linguistiques<\/span><\/span> distincts<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> coordonn\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span> Chacun<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> po\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> in\u00e9dit.<\/span><\/span> Chacun<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> po\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> substance.<\/span><\/span> Chacune<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> substances<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> psychisme.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Claude<\/span><\/span> Bernard<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> faisait<\/span><\/span> observer<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span> dernier<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> constitue<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> vivant,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> Id\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> directrice.<\/span><\/span> Nous<\/span><\/span> savons<\/span><\/span> maintenant<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> Id\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> directrice<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> inscrite<\/span><\/span> physiquement<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Vie.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> existe<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> Pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> immanente<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Nature<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> Pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> invent\u00e9<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> langage,<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> avant<\/span><\/span> l\u2019apparition<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme.<\/span><\/span> Quel<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysicien<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> Pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> immanente<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> op\u00e9rante<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Nature<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> Maurice<\/span><\/span> Blondel, n\u00e9<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> 1861,<\/span><\/span> mort<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> 1949,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> ouvrage intitul\u00e9 pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment\u00a0:<\/span><\/span> La<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Pens\u00e9e<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>(\u00e9d.<\/span><\/span> Alcan).<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> n\u2019appara\u00eet<\/span><\/span> pas,<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> irruption,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> brusquement,<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> avoir<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9par\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Elle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9par\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> toute<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieure<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> nombre<\/span><\/span> d\u2019astrophysiciens<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> demandent,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> moment<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame,<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> toute<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> physiquement<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9-adapt\u00e9e,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> origines,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019apparition<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> capable<\/span><\/span> de le<\/span><\/span> penser.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Extrait de <\/span><\/span>La<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Voix<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>du<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Nord,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>10<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>mai<\/span><\/span> 1987.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Univers, il y a environ quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, peut-\u00eatre un peu moins, apparaissent des mol\u00e9cules g\u00e9antes qui sont constitu\u00e9es, \u00e9videmment comme toutes les mol\u00e9cules, avec des atomes. Encore fallait-il que les atomes eux-m\u00eames soient form\u00e9s ou constitu\u00e9s\u2026 Nous avons vu dans des chroniques ant\u00e9rieures que les atomes complexes, aux noyaux lourds, se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1419],"tags":[108,41],"class_list":["post-19598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tresmontant-claude","tag-evolution","tag-vie"],"yoast_head":"\nLes mol\u00e9cules de la vie par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/les-molecules-de-la-vie-par-claude-tresmontant\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les mol\u00e9cules de la vie par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Univers, il y a environ quatre milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, peut-\u00eatre un peu moins, apparaissent des mol\u00e9cules g\u00e9antes qui sont constitu\u00e9es, \u00e9videmment comme toutes les mol\u00e9cules, avec des atomes. 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