{"id":20279,"date":"2024-10-30T02:59:31","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T01:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=20279"},"modified":"2024-10-30T02:59:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T01:59:31","slug":"mon-approche-par-claude-tresmontant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/mon-approche-par-claude-tresmontant\/","title":{"rendered":"Mon approche par Claude Tresmontant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le titre est de 3e Mill\u00e9naire<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n

Robert D\u00e9cout<\/em>.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/span>N\u2019avez-vous <\/i><\/span><\/span>pas <\/i><\/span><\/span>l\u2019impression <\/i><\/span><\/span>d\u2019aller \u00e0 <\/i><\/span><\/span>contre-courant <\/i><\/span><\/span>de la <\/i><\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>contemporaine\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>? Est-elle <\/i><\/span><\/span>encore actuelle, <\/i><\/span><\/span>cette philosophie chr\u00e9tienne dont vous <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00eates <\/i><\/span><\/span>l\u2019un<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>des<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>serviteurs <\/i><\/span><\/span>les <\/i><\/span><\/span>plus inlassables<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Claude Tresmontant. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0Je <\/span><\/span>vais <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>effet <\/span><\/span>consciemment <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>contre-courant <\/span><\/span>des<\/span><\/span> tendances<\/span><\/span> dominantes et majoritaires de la pens\u00e9e philosophique contemporaine. D\u2019abord parce que je<\/span><\/span> pense<\/span><\/span> que l\u2019analyse philosophique doit <\/span><\/span>avoir <\/span><\/span>une base <\/span><\/span>scientifique, exp\u00e9rimentale. <\/span><\/span>L\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> philosophique<\/span><\/span> doit<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> objective,<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentale,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> explor\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> philosophique<\/span><\/span> doit<\/span><\/span> traiter<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019imposent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019intelligence<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9 objective <\/span><\/span>\u2014<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers, <\/span><\/span>la<\/span><\/span> nature,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> \u2014,<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales, <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>tant <\/span><\/span>que <\/span><\/span>telles, <\/span><\/span>ne <\/span><\/span>sont <\/span><\/span>pas en <\/span><\/span>mesure <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>traiter, <\/span><\/span>par exemple <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>probl\u00e8me <\/span><\/span>de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019origine radicale, <\/span><\/span>ou <\/span><\/span>celui <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>finalit\u00e9 ultime <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019\u00e9volution <\/span><\/span>cosmique, physique et biologique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Je suis donc \u00e0 contre-courant \u00e0 cause de ce point de d\u00e9part que j\u2019assigne \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> philosophique,<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> parce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> je<\/span><\/span> pense<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> philosophique<\/span><\/span> est <\/span><\/span>possible.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019intelligence<\/span><\/span> humaine,<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> s\u2019y<\/span><\/span> prend<\/span><\/span> bien,<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9pondre<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> questions<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> pose.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> grande<\/span><\/span> majorit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mes<\/span><\/span> coll\u00e8gues<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> pense<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> morte<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> enterr\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> ne <\/span><\/span>reste <\/span><\/span>plus que <\/span><\/span>l\u2019histoire pass\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>philosophie <\/span><\/span>d\u2019autrefois. Tout le monde, ou<\/span><\/span> presque,<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9sesp\u00e8re de l\u2019analyse philosophique, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de la capacit\u00e9 de la raison humaine de<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9pondre<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> questions<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019imposent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> elle.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019influence<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> kantisme,<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> positivisme,<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> n\u00e9opositivisme,<\/span><\/span> reste<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> cet<\/span><\/span> \u00e9gard<\/span><\/span> dominante.<\/span><\/span> Pour<\/span><\/span> ma<\/span><\/span> part,<\/span><\/span> je<\/span><\/span> professe<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> rationalisme<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9gral,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019intelligence<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> capable<\/span><\/span> d\u2019aller<\/span><\/span> finalement<\/span><\/span> jusqu\u2019au<\/span><\/span> bout<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ses<\/span><\/span> propres<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9sirs,<\/span><\/span> jusques<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> compris l\u2019ordre de l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il faut distinguer <\/span><\/span>soigneusement <\/span><\/span>deux <\/span><\/span>choses\u00a0<\/span><\/span>: la <\/span><\/span>mode, <\/span><\/span>c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire ce qui domine \u00e0<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> moment<\/span><\/span> donn\u00e9<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019opinion<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> go\u00fbts<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>et<\/span><\/span> l\u2019actualit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9elle,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> avenir.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> rationalisme<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimental,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> base<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentale,<\/span><\/span> telle<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pratiquaient<\/span><\/span> Aristote<\/span><\/span> ou,<\/span><\/span> vingt-cinq<\/span><\/span> si\u00e8cles<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> tard,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> Bergson,<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> certes<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mode,<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> majoritaire<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui.<\/span><\/span> Mais<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9thode<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> bonne<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> poss\u00e8de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> suffit,<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> s\u2019en<\/span><\/span> assurer,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> constater<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> mutations<\/span><\/span> profondes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effectuent,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> moment<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame,<\/span><\/span> chez<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> nombreux<\/span><\/span> savants,<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> point<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> vue<\/span><\/span> philosophique.<\/span><\/span> Travaillant<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> donn\u00e9<\/span><\/span> cosmologique,<\/span><\/span> physique,<\/span><\/span> biologique,<\/span><\/span> neurophysiologique,<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9laborer<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> ensemble <\/span><\/span>d\u2019analyses philosophiques qui n\u2019ont certes rien de commun avec ce qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019enseigne<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sentement<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> Universit\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> France<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> moins,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> savoir<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> commentaires<\/span><\/span> perp\u00e9tuels<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Kant, de Marx, de <\/span><\/span>Nietzsche, <\/span><\/span>de Freud et de<\/span><\/span> Heidegger.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Question<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/span>La <\/i><\/span><\/span>philosophie<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>m\u00e9di\u00e9vale tient <\/i><\/span><\/span>une <\/i><\/span><\/span>place tr\u00e8s importante <\/i><\/span><\/span>dans<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>votre<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>enseignement.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Quel<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>int\u00e9r\u00eat<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>trouvez-vous<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e9tudier<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>et<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>enseigner<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>philosophie<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Quel<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>int\u00e9r\u00eat<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>peut-elle<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>pr\u00e9senter<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>pour<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>nos<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>contemporains<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Les<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>ma\u00eetres<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>philosophie<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>sont<\/i><\/span><\/span>–<\/i><\/span><\/span>ils des ma\u00eetres du pass\u00e9 seulement, ou bien aussi du pr\u00e9sent et de l\u2019avenir<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ponse. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0Le <\/span><\/span>cas <\/span><\/span>de la philosophie <\/span><\/span>m\u00e9di\u00e9vale <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>caract\u00e9ristique <\/span><\/span>de la situation<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019enseignement<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> France.<\/span><\/span> Je<\/span><\/span> suis<\/span><\/span> l\u2019un<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> rares<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019enseigner<\/span><\/span> encore<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une <\/span><\/span>Universit\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> souvent,<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> saute<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> pieds<\/span><\/span> joints,<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tudiants<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> \u00e9l\u00e8ves,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Platon<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> Descartes<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> vingt<\/span><\/span> si\u00e8cles<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetres<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9di\u00e9vale,<\/span><\/span> Albert<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Grand,<\/span><\/span> Bonaventure,<\/span><\/span> Thomas<\/span><\/span> d\u2019Aquin,<\/span><\/span> Jean<\/span><\/span> Duns<\/span><\/span> Scot,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9taient<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> hommes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> savaient<\/span><\/span> raisonner.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> avaient<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> forte<\/span><\/span> formation<\/span><\/span> logique.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> avaient<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> sens<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019honneur<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> concerne<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> logique,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> seraient<\/span><\/span> sentis<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9shonor\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> s\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> avaient<\/span><\/span> avanc\u00e9<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> th\u00e8se,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> assertion,<\/span><\/span> sans l\u2019avoir fond\u00e9e en raison et par l\u2019analyse logique. De plus, ils avaient adopt\u00e9 en philosophie<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9thode aristot\u00e9licienne, \u00e0 savoir la m\u00e9thode exp\u00e9rimentale en philosophie\u00a0: l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> rationnelle<\/span><\/span> doit<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> objective,<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentale.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> sens<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> raison<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> modernes,<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> modernes<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> contemporains,<\/span><\/span> car<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> devancent<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> exigences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> moderne <\/span><\/span>de plus en plus form\u00e9e par les sciences exp\u00e9rimentales. La m\u00e9thode de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> philosophique,<\/span><\/span> telle<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> comprennent<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetres<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9di\u00e9vale,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> celle<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> convient le mieux aujourd\u2019hui et qui nous conviendra seule<\/span><\/span> demain.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De plus, <\/span><\/span>comme <\/span><\/span>chacun <\/span><\/span>sait, ces <\/span><\/span>ma\u00eetres <\/span><\/span>\u00e9taient non <\/span><\/span>seulement <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>m\u00e9taphysiciens, mais<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> surtout<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologiens.<\/span><\/span> \u00c0<\/span><\/span> cet<\/span><\/span> \u00e9gard<\/span><\/span> encore<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> avance,<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> avant<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> nous, et<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> attendent<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> XXI<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> raison<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> simple.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> form\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> apprend<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> raisonner<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mieux<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> mieux,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> lib\u00e9rer<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> modes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> mythologique.<\/span><\/span> Pour<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> franchisse<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> barre<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XXI<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> soit<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sent\u00e9<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> hommes<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> femmes<\/span><\/span> d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> demain<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> doctrine<\/span><\/span> intelligible,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> science,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> est,<\/span><\/span> car<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> faire,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> nouveau<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> doit<\/span><\/span> s\u2019incorporer<\/span><\/span> afin<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9aliser<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> quoi<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> destin\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> De<\/span><\/span> plus,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> christianisme,<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> passer<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> barre<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XXI<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> doit<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> mesure<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> laisser<\/span><\/span> visiter<\/span><\/span> ses<\/span><\/span> fondements,<\/span><\/span> ses<\/span><\/span> bases,<\/span><\/span> autrement<\/span><\/span> dit<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> laisser<\/span><\/span> v\u00e9rifier.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> moderne,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> demain,<\/span><\/span> n\u2019acceptera<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> doctrine<\/span><\/span> dont<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> fondements ne se laissent pas<\/span><\/span> v\u00e9rifier.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Or, c\u2019est justement cela qu\u2019ont fait les grands ma\u00eetres de la pens\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>m\u00e9di\u00e9vale. <\/span><\/span>Ils ont<\/span><\/span> propos\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> ils ont <\/span><\/span>enseign\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>doctrine chr\u00e9tienne comme <\/span><\/span>une science, une science bien faite, qui a un<\/span><\/span> fondement<\/span><\/span> solide,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> b\u00e2tie<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> roc,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> construite.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> bases<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> v\u00e9rifiables<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> raison<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> s\u2019assurer<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> consistance<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> leur solidit\u00e9. Le christianisme doit s\u2019enseigner, comme une science qu\u2019il est, une science de la<\/span><\/span> vie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

On le <\/span><\/span>voit <\/span><\/span>par <\/span><\/span>cet exemple\u00a0<\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>c\u2019est tout juste <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>contraire <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>ce <\/span><\/span>qui se dit, de ce qui s\u2019\u00e9crit, de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9p\u00e8te<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> presse,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> livres,<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> ondes.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> tendance<\/span><\/span> dominante,<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui,<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> c\u00f4t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tien,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> l\u2019irrationalisme,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019anti-intellectualisme,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> destruction<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> rationnelle,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9pris<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie.<\/span><\/span> Telle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mode,<\/span><\/span> telle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> majorit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> Mais<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> voit<\/span><\/span> \u2014,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> exigences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> moderne,<\/span><\/span> form\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales,<\/span><\/span> vont<\/span><\/span> exactement<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> contre-courant,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> sens<\/span><\/span> inverse<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> demain<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> besoin<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> doctrine<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne<\/span><\/span> intelligible,<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pensable,<\/span><\/span> fond\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> solidement,<\/span><\/span> saine<\/span><\/span> \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiquement.<\/span><\/span> Or<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> justement<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019ont<\/span><\/span> entrepris<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> grands<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetres<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> philosophie<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9di\u00e9vale.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pourquoi,<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> s\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> lus<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui,<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> s\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tudi\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> peu<\/span><\/span> enseign\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> eux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> repr\u00e9sentent<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>car<\/span><\/span> leur<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9thode<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> bonne,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019irrationalisme<\/span><\/span> contemporain<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> condamn\u00e9<\/span><\/span> irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> p\u00e9rim\u00e9<\/span><\/span> avant<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00eatre<\/span><\/span> sorti<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u0153uf.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> mort-n\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> invi<\/span><\/span>v<\/span><\/span>able.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> est incoh\u00e9rent et<\/span><\/span> impossible.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Question<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Vous nous dites que l\u2019analyse philosophique doit avoir une <\/i><\/span><\/span>base<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>exp\u00e9rimentale.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Je<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>voudrais<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>rapprocher<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>cette<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>position<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>d\u2019un<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>probl\u00e8me <\/i><\/span><\/span>concret,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>qui<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>est<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>celui <\/i><\/span><\/span>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>libert\u00e9. <\/i><\/span><\/span>Il <\/i><\/span><\/span>y a <\/i><\/span><\/span>quelque temps, nous avons rencontr\u00e9 <\/i><\/span><\/span>le <\/i><\/span><\/span>professeur Laborit. <\/i><\/span><\/span>Pour lui, l\u2019homme <\/i><\/span><\/span>n\u2019est <\/i><\/span><\/span>pas <\/i><\/span><\/span>libre<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>;<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>il<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>est<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>enti\u00e8rement<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>conditionn\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>par<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>ses<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>d\u00e9terminismes.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Pour<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>affirmer<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>cela,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>il<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>s\u2019appuie<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>comme<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>beaucoup<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>savants<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>sur<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>ses<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>observations<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>scientifiques.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>J\u2019ai<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e9t\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>impressionn\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>par<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>les<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>conclusions<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>d\u2019un<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>homme<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>qui<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>a<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>l\u2019avantage<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>savoir.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Puis-je<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>vous<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>demander<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>quelle<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>est<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>votre<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>attitude<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>en<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>face<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>ce<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>courant <\/i><\/span><\/span>qui tend d<\/i><\/span><\/span>e <\/i><\/span><\/span>plus en plus \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l\u2019homme \u00e0 un d\u00e9terminisme animal ou v\u00e9g\u00e9tal<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ponse.<\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/b>\u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9<\/span><\/span> constitue<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> exemple<\/span><\/span> typique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> je<\/span><\/span> vous<\/span><\/span> disais<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019heure.<\/span><\/span> Tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> philosophiques<\/span><\/span> doivent<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> repris,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> base,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> repens\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> base<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales<\/span><\/span> nouvelles<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> plupart<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> philosophes,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> France<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> moins,<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9sint\u00e9ressent<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> peuvent<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> traiter<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> nouveaux<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019imposent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> nous.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> scientifiques<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019ont<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pratique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> philosophique<\/span><\/span> risquent,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avait<\/span><\/span> montr\u00e9<\/span><\/span> Bergson<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> temps,<\/span><\/span> de retomber purement et simplement dans l\u2019orni\u00e8re des analyses philosophiques<\/span><\/span> anciennes,<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieures<\/span><\/span> aux<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> nouvelles<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> font<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> savants<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> Laborit<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> Monod.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Prenons donc <\/span><\/span>l\u2019exemple <\/span><\/span>de la libert\u00e9. <\/span><\/span>Les <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9couvertes <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, <\/span><\/span>de la<\/span><\/span> neurophysiologie,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> psychologie<\/span><\/span> animale,<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> montr\u00e9<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> vieux<\/span><\/span> cerveau<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> pal\u00e9ocortex,<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> inscrites<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> programmations,<\/span><\/span> transmises<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> form\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> avant<\/span><\/span> l\u2019apparition de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme,<\/span><\/span> il y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> plusieurs<\/span><\/span> centaines de<\/span><\/span> millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Autrement dit, le premier inconscient de l\u2019homme, l\u2019inconscient originel, est un<\/span><\/span> inconscient<\/span><\/span> phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique,<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> h\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span><\/span> naturelle<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieures.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> existe<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> vieux<\/span><\/span> fond<\/span><\/span> animal<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ensemble<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> programmations<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> portent<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9fense <\/span><\/span>du<\/span><\/span> territoire, <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>cueillette, <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>procr\u00e9ation, <\/span><\/span>la vie en <\/span><\/span>communaut\u00e9, <\/span><\/span>etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce sont l\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>certainement <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9terminismes, <\/span><\/span>au <\/span><\/span>sens o\u00f9 Claude Bernard <\/span><\/span>entendait ce<\/span><\/span> terme,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> causalit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> p\u00e8sent<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> comportement.<\/span><\/span> Lorsque<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> met<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> adorer<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> chef<\/span><\/span> militaire<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> politique<\/span><\/span> prestigieux,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> exemple<\/span><\/span> Napol\u00e9on<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> Mussolini,<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> Hitler<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> autre,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> doute<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> ob\u00e9it<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> anciennes<\/span><\/span> programmations<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> retrouve<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> animales<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> archa\u00efques.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> castes,<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> clans,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> divers<\/span><\/span> rituels<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> soumission<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> domination,<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> cela<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> programm\u00e9<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> plusieurs<\/span><\/span> millions<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> comportements<\/span><\/span> politiques<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> particuli\u00e8rement<\/span><\/span> ob\u00e9issent<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> vieilles<\/span><\/span> programmations,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> apprentis<\/span><\/span> dictateurs<\/span><\/span> savent<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> bien,<\/span><\/span> intuitivement,<\/span><\/span> quelles<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> cordes<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il faut faire jouer pour <\/span><\/span>poss\u00e9der <\/span><\/span>les <\/span><\/span>foules <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>pour les <\/span><\/span>dominer. <\/span><\/span>Ce <\/span><\/span>sont ces <\/span><\/span>techniques<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> possession<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019Hitler<\/span><\/span> utilisait<\/span><\/span> savamment.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> comportements<\/span><\/span> agressifs<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> programm\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> rien<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> efficace,<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> prendre<\/span><\/span> possession<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> peuple,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>faire<\/span><\/span> jouer<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> antiques<\/span><\/span> pulsions<\/span><\/span> agressives, <\/span><\/span>par exemple <\/span><\/span>contre une minorit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span><\/span>probl\u00e8me <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>donc pos\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>comment <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>libert\u00e9 humaine est-elle <\/span><\/span>possible, <\/span><\/span>s\u2019il est vrai<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> programm\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> programmations<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> inscrites<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> pal\u00e9ocortex<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> transmises<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> incombe<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> traiter<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> tenant<\/span><\/span> compte<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> donn\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> nouvelles<\/span><\/span> fournies<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> neurophysiologie,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> psychologie<\/span><\/span> animale,<\/span><\/span> etc.<\/span><\/span> Mais<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9pondre,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> Laborit<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ailleurs<\/span><\/span> quelqu\u2019un<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9minent<\/span><\/span> \u2014,<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019\u00e0<\/span><\/span> cause<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> programmations<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> libre,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> abandonner<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me,<\/span><\/span> renoncer<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l\u2019analyser <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>reprendre <\/span><\/span>une tr\u00e8s vieille <\/span><\/span>philosophie, ant\u00e9rieure <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>ces <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9couvertes, <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>bon vieux <\/span><\/span>d<\/span><\/span>\u00e9terminisme<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XIX<\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/span> En<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> d\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> lors<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> va<\/span><\/span> prendre<\/span><\/span> conscience<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9terminismes<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> h\u00e9rit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> d\u2019esp\u00e8ces<\/span><\/span> animales<\/span><\/span> ant\u00e9rieures,<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> va<\/span><\/span> pouvoir<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetriser<\/span><\/span> et <\/span><\/span>les<\/span><\/span> dominer.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9<\/span><\/span> humaine<\/span><\/span> reprend<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> place<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> fonction<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019acte<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> lequel<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> prenons<\/span><\/span> conscience<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> antiques<\/span><\/span> programmations,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> lequel<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetrisons.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> dit<\/span><\/span> mon<\/span><\/span> illustre<\/span><\/span> ami<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> docteur<\/span><\/span> Paul<\/span><\/span> Chauchard,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> ma\u00eetrise<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> comportement.<\/span><\/span> Notons<\/span><\/span> ici<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> propos<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> fondateur<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> propos\u00e9<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> certain<\/span><\/span> nombre<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> nouvelles<\/span><\/span> programmations qui s\u2019opposent aux anciennes. Les vieilles programmations de la vieille humanit\u00e9 portaient<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9fense<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> territoire<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> fondateur<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> n\u2019avait<\/span><\/span> aucun<\/span><\/span> territoire,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019avait<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> pierre<\/span><\/span> o\u00f9<\/span><\/span> reposer<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> t\u00eate.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> vieilles<\/span><\/span> programmations<\/span><\/span> portaient<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> propri\u00e9t\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avoir,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019accumulation<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> richesses<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> enseign\u00e9<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> nouvelle<\/span><\/span> programmation,<\/span><\/span> renoncer<\/span><\/span> librement <\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/span><\/span>toute propri\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>choisir librement <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>pauvret\u00e9 int\u00e9grale. <\/span><\/span>Les <\/span><\/span>vieilles <\/span><\/span>programmations<\/span><\/span> enseignaient<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9pondre<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019agression<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> l\u2019agression.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> enseign\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> lui,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9pondre<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019agression<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> l\u2019agression,<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9pondre<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019agression<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation,<\/span><\/span> car<\/span><\/span> Dieu<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ateur<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> ceux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9sirent<\/span><\/span> devenir<\/span><\/span> enfants<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Dieu<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> peuvent<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ateurs<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> cocr\u00e9ateurs,<\/span><\/span> avec<\/span><\/span> Dieu<\/span><\/span> l\u2019unique<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ateur,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> jamais<\/span><\/span> destructeurs.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pourquoi<\/span><\/span> pendant<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9rations<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> premiers<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tiens<\/span><\/span> refusaient<\/span><\/span> absolument<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tuer.<\/span><\/span> On<\/span><\/span> voit<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> cet<\/span><\/span> exemple<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> s\u2019en<\/span><\/span> tient,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> Henri<\/span><\/span> Laborit,<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> existe<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> vieilles<\/span><\/span> programmations<\/span><\/span> inscrites<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> notre<\/span><\/span> pal\u00e9ocortex,<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> nier<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9<\/span><\/span> humaine.<\/span><\/span> Mais<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvre que <\/span><\/span>l\u2019homme <\/span><\/span>peut <\/span><\/span>prendre conscience <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>ces tr\u00e8s <\/span><\/span>vieilles programmations <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>en choisir<\/span><\/span> librement<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> nouvelles<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> cela<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mutation<\/span><\/span> \u00e9vang\u00e9lique<\/span><\/span> \u2014,<\/span><\/span> alors<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> aper\u00e7oit<\/span><\/span> o\u00f9<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> situe<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> possibilit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> libert\u00e9<\/span><\/span> humaine.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019anthropologie<\/span><\/span> d\u2019Henri<\/span><\/span> Laborit<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> trop<\/span><\/span> courte.<\/span><\/span> Ses<\/span><\/span> bases<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> trop<\/span><\/span> \u00e9troites.<\/span><\/span> Laborit<\/span><\/span> ignore<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> neurophysiologique dans l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019anthropogen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> achev\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Laborit<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pense<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> avait<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> achev\u00e9<\/span><\/span> lorsqu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> apparu<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> quelques centaines<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> milliers<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> semble<\/span><\/span> ignorer<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> continue.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> quoi<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Homme<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> na\u00eetre<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> Laborit,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> pourtant<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019information,<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> oubli\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> analyse,<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> nouvelle Information, communiqu\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>par Dieu <\/span><\/span>lui<\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>m\u00eame.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Question<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>. <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Quelle <\/i><\/span><\/span>est <\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 <\/i><\/span><\/span>votre avis <\/i><\/span><\/span>la <\/i><\/span><\/span>situation <\/i><\/span><\/span>de <\/i><\/span><\/span>la <\/i><\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e <\/i><\/span><\/span>chr\u00e9tienne <\/i><\/span><\/span>aujourd\u2019hui<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ponse. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Comme <\/span><\/span>je vous le disais tout \u00e0 <\/span><\/span>l\u2019heure, <\/span><\/span>ce qui <\/span><\/span>me <\/span><\/span>para\u00eet tr\u00e8s grave dans l\u2019\u00e9tat<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la pens\u00e9e chr\u00e9tienne aujourd\u2019hui, c\u2019est l\u2019irrationalisme, plus ou <\/span><\/span>moins <\/span><\/span>fr\u00e9n\u00e9tique, plus ou<\/span><\/span> moins<\/span><\/span> hyst\u00e9rique, <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>refus <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e rationnelle, <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>refus <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019analyse m\u00e9taphysique, <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>m\u00e9pris infantile<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> retour<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> vague<\/span><\/span> sentimentalisme,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9gression<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019infractionnelle,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019anti-<\/span><\/span> intellectualisme,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> h\u00e9ritage<\/span><\/span> typique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Crise<\/span><\/span> moderniste.<\/span><\/span> Ce<\/span><\/span> dont<\/span><\/span> l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> besoin,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est un christianisme<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pensable,<\/span><\/span> dont<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> richesses<\/span><\/span> intelligibles<\/span><\/span> soient<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9gag\u00e9es<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> faire<\/span><\/span> l\u2019unit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> enseignent<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> nature<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> enseigne<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9aliser<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> continu\u00e9e,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> par quoi la cr\u00e9ation, en l\u2019homme, peut se continuer et s\u2019achever. Il faut d\u00e9couvrir et faire d\u00e9couvrir<\/span><\/span> \u00e0 nos contemporains quelle est la fonction du Christ dans l\u2019histoire de la Cr\u00e9ation et qu\u2019en r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation ne peut s\u2019achever que par<\/span><\/span> lui.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Question.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/i>\u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Quelle<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>est<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>votre<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>avis<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>l\u2019importance<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>l\u2019\u0153uvre<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>du<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>P\u00e8re<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Teilhard<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Chardin<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>? <\/i><\/span><\/span>Pr\u00e9sente-t-elle <\/i><\/span><\/span>encore un <\/i><\/span><\/span>int\u00e9r\u00eat actuel\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ponse. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0L\u2019\u0153uvre du P\u00e8re Teilhard, apr\u00e8s avoir connu un tr\u00e8s grand <\/span><\/span>succ\u00e8s, <\/span><\/span>est<\/span><\/span> maintenant<\/span><\/span> rel\u00e9gu\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ombre.<\/span><\/span> Mais<\/span><\/span> ni<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> succ\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mode,<\/span><\/span> ni<\/span><\/span> l\u2019ombre<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> l\u2019oubli<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> constituent<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> crit\u00e8res<\/span><\/span> d\u2019importance.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019importance<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u0153uvre<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Teilhard,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> vu,<\/span><\/span> d\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9but<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> o\u00f9<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> trouve<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> fondamental <\/span><\/span>du<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> dur\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> vient<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> comment<\/span><\/span> concilier,<\/span><\/span> comment<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9grer<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> unique<\/span><\/span> vision<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monde,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> enseignent<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> enseigne<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> Quelle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> place<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> Christ<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Teilhard<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> tr\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> bien<\/span><\/span> vu<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> l\u00e0<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8me<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> fond.<\/span><\/span> \u00c0 <\/span><\/span>quelles<\/span><\/span> conditions<\/span><\/span> le christianisme peut-il pr\u00e9senter un int\u00e9r\u00eat <\/span><\/span>pour des <\/span><\/span>hommes form\u00e9s <\/span><\/span>aux <\/span><\/span>sciences <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span><\/span>et de la <\/span><\/span>nature<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>?<\/span><\/span> \u00c0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> condition<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> aper\u00e7oivent<\/span><\/span> quelle<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> fonction<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> dans <\/span><\/span>cette<\/span><\/span> histoire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> inachev\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> former.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> montrer,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> nouveau,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> faire,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019aura pas de fin. Teilhard a tr\u00e8s bien vu que le plus <\/span><\/span>important, <\/span><\/span>bien <\/span><\/span>\u00e9videmment, c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> christologie,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> place<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> fonction<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> Christ<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> plut\u00f4t<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cosmog\u00e9n\u00e8se.<\/span><\/span> En<\/span><\/span> cela<\/span><\/span> Teilhard<\/span><\/span> reprenait<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> tradition<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> docteurs<\/span><\/span> grecs<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> docteurs<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> Moyen<\/span><\/span> \u00c2<\/span><\/span>ge,<\/span><\/span> tel<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> Jean<\/span><\/span> Duns<\/span><\/span> Scot.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> Christ<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> celui<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> seul<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> s\u2019achever,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> finalit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> ultime<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation,<\/span><\/span> puisqu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alise<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> vis\u00e9<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> commencement<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> l\u2019union<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et de Dieu<\/span><\/span> incr\u00e9\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Question.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/i>\u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Vous<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>donnez<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>cette<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>ann\u00e9e<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Sorbonne<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>un<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>cours<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>public<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>consacr\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u00e0<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Crise<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>moderniste. <\/i><\/span><\/span>Quel est donc <\/i><\/span><\/span>l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat actuel <\/i><\/span><\/span>de ce sujet qui pourrait, \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue, para\u00eetre p\u00e9rim\u00e9\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ponse. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0<\/span><\/span>L\u2019\u00c9glise <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>connu, <\/span><\/span>au <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9but <\/span><\/span>de ce <\/span><\/span>si\u00e8cle, <\/span><\/span>une <\/span><\/span>crise redoutable <\/span><\/span>que les <\/span><\/span>historiens<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> appel\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Crise<\/span><\/span> moderniste.<\/span><\/span> En<\/span><\/span> fait,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> fut<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> crise<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> croissance<\/span><\/span> provoqu\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> rencontre<\/span><\/span> in\u00e9vitable<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> christianisme,<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> part,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> nature,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019histoire,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme,<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> philosophies<\/span><\/span> modernes.<\/span><\/span> Par<\/span><\/span> exemple,<\/span><\/span> lorsqu\u2019on<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvert<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> XIX<\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> biologique,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> fallu<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9grer<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019organisme<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019a<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> mal.<\/span><\/span> Certains<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> parvenaient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> concevoir<\/span><\/span> comment<\/span><\/span> concilier<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> deux<\/span><\/span> notions,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019une<\/span><\/span> scientifique<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9volution,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> l\u2019autre<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ation.<\/span><\/span> Certains,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> milieux<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tiens,<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> parviennent<\/span><\/span> toujours<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame.<\/span><\/span> C\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pourtant<\/span><\/span> extr\u00eamement<\/span><\/span> simple<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> cosmique,<\/span><\/span> physique<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> biologique,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cosmog\u00e9n\u00e8se,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> biogen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> l\u2019anthropogen\u00e8se,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> train<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> faire,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> milliards<\/span><\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> inachev\u00e9e,<\/span><\/span> car<\/span><\/span> elle<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>continue<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019homme.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019anthropogen\u00e8se<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> achev\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> difficult\u00e9<\/span><\/span> provenait<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> grands-parents<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span><\/span> avaient<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> repr\u00e9sentation<\/span><\/span> quasi<\/span><\/span> instantan\u00e9e<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> seul<\/span><\/span> coup<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> semaine.<\/span><\/span> Nous,<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> savons<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effectue<\/span><\/span> progressivement,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tapes,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> paliers,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> n\u2019a<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> instantan\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> aucun<\/span><\/span> conflit,<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> n\u2019y<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> aucune<\/span><\/span> opposition<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e9volution.<\/span><\/span> Simplement<\/span><\/span> il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> reconna\u00eetre<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effectue<\/span><\/span> d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> progressive,<\/span><\/span> \u00e9volutive,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> non<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> seul<\/span><\/span> coup.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> substitue<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> doctrine<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cr\u00e9ation.<\/span><\/span> La<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> principe<\/span><\/span> d\u2019explication<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> vie,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> s\u2019agit<\/span><\/span> d\u2019expliquer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le <\/span><\/span>second <\/span><\/span>champ <\/span><\/span>de bataille de la grande crise doctrinale que l\u2019on a appel\u00e9e la<\/span><\/span> Crise<\/span><\/span> moderniste,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> fut<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Critique<\/span><\/span> biblique.<\/span><\/span> L\u00e0<\/span><\/span> encore,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> faux<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> suscit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> difficult\u00e9s apparemment <\/span><\/span>insolubles. La Critique biblique, qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est\u00a0? C\u2019est tout<\/span><\/span> simplement<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> scientifique<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> Livres<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Ancienne<\/span><\/span> Alliance<\/span><\/span> (que<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tiens<\/span><\/span> appellent<\/span><\/span> Ancien Testament) <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>Nouvelle <\/span><\/span>Alliance. Qu\u2019a <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9couvert la Critique biblique\u00a0? Elle a<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvert,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> travail<\/span><\/span> acharn\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> effectu\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> progressivement,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> transformation<\/span><\/span> progressive<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> mentalit\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> portion<\/span><\/span> germinale<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> Peuple<\/span><\/span> h\u00e9breu.<\/span><\/span> On<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> habitu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> conception<\/span><\/span> fixiste<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> Mo\u00efse<\/span><\/span> donnant<\/span><\/span> d\u2019un<\/span><\/span> seul<\/span><\/span> coup<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Torah<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> mont<\/span><\/span> Sina\u00ef.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> rendre<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9vidence<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation,<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation, <\/span><\/span>s\u2019effectue progressivement, <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>il ne <\/span><\/span>peut pas <\/span><\/span>en <\/span><\/span>\u00eatre <\/span><\/span>autrement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un<\/span><\/span> autre<\/span><\/span> champ<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> bataille<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> constitu\u00e9<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> rencontre<\/span><\/span> entre<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> philosophies<\/span><\/span> modernes,<\/span><\/span> principalement<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> philosophies<\/span><\/span> allemandes,<\/span><\/span> celles<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Hegel<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Kant.<\/span><\/span> Ce qui <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>ravag\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>chr\u00e9tienne au d\u00e9but de ce <\/span><\/span>si\u00e8cle, <\/span><\/span>c\u2019est, <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9j\u00e0, la tendance<\/span><\/span> anti-intellectualiste et antirationnelle qui aujourd\u2019hui s\u2019est encore aggrav\u00e9e. <\/span><\/span>Ce que <\/span><\/span>les<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologiens <\/span><\/span>reprochaient am\u00e8rement<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> philosophes<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> Bergson,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> Maurice<\/span><\/span> Blondel,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Laberthonni\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> \u00c9douard<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> Roy,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019\u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> \u00eatre<\/span><\/span> suffisamment<\/span><\/span> rationalistes,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> avoir<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> raison,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> connaissance,<\/span><\/span> suffisamment<\/span><\/span> forte<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> maintenir<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e9server<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> toujours<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019elle<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9fini<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> premier<\/span><\/span> Concile<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> Vatican,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> 1870,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> savoir<\/span><\/span> que,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> exemple,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019existence<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Dieu<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> question<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> foi<\/span><\/span> ou<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> croyance,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> tout<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> monde<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9p\u00e8te<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui,<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> question<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> connaissance,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> connaissance rationnelle,<\/span><\/span> certaine.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019<\/span><\/span>\u00c9glise pense, et elle a toujours pens\u00e9, que l\u2019existence de Dieu peut \u00eatre connue d\u2019une<\/span><\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> certaine,<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> rationnelle,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> l\u2019analyse<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> partir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><\/span> objective, \u00e0 savoir le monde, l\u2019Univers, et tout ce qu\u2019il contient.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Que diraient-ils aujourd\u2019hui, ces th\u00e9ologiens, s\u2019ils voyaient l\u2019\u00e9tat pr\u00e9sent de la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne, si l\u2019on peut encore parler de<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui on parle \u00e0 tort et \u00e0 travers de modernisme, et le terme est devenu une <\/span><\/span>injure<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> lance<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> figure.<\/span><\/span> Si<\/span><\/span> l\u2019on<\/span><\/span> cherche<\/span><\/span> objectivement,<\/span><\/span> scientifiquement,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span><\/span> peut<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> avoir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span>moderniste\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00c9glise,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> cet<\/span><\/span> irrationalisme,<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> condamnation<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysique<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> science<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> constitue<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> principal.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9dacteurs<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Encyclique <\/span><\/span>Pascendi <\/i><\/span><\/span>avaient <\/span><\/span>mis <\/span><\/span>le doigt sur ce point principal. La maladie s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> aggrav\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> depuis, comme on le voit<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Question<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span>.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>\u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>En<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>quoi<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>l\u2019\u00e9tude<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>et<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>la<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>connaissance<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>cette<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>grande<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Crise<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>moderniste<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>peut-elle<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>nous aider \u00e0 comprendre la crise pr\u00e9sente dans l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/span>?<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e9ponse. <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u2014\u00a0D\u2019abord en ce que les probl\u00e8mes soulev\u00e9s et trait\u00e9s au d\u00e9but de ce si\u00e8cle<\/span><\/span> restent<\/span><\/span> nos<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> demain<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> comment<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9grer<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> christianisme<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> vision<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> monde<\/span><\/span> unifi\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> o\u00f9<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences<\/span><\/span> positives<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/span><\/span> soient<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9gr\u00e9es,<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> confusion<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> ordres,<\/span><\/span> mais<\/span><\/span> sans<\/span><\/span> s\u00e9paration<\/span><\/span> non<\/span><\/span> plus.<\/span><\/span> Les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> fond<\/span><\/span> ne<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> laissent<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> refouler.<\/span><\/span> Ce<\/span><\/span> n\u2019est <\/span><\/span>pas <\/span><\/span>par <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>condamnations <\/span><\/span>que <\/span><\/span>l\u2019on <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9sout <\/span><\/span>les <\/span><\/span>probl\u00e8mes pos\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019intelligence humaine.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il<\/span><\/span> faut<\/span><\/span> noter<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> propos<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> pendant<\/span><\/span> cette<\/span><\/span> grande<\/span><\/span> crise<\/span><\/span> doctrinale,<\/span><\/span> ceux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> fait<\/span><\/span> effort,<\/span><\/span> ceux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> travaill\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> ceux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> souffert<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9soudre<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> difficiles et nouveaux qui s\u2019imposaient \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e chr\u00e9tienne, je pense au P\u00e8re Lagrange qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> efforc\u00e9<\/span><\/span> d\u2019introduire<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Critique<\/span><\/span> biblique,<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Teilhard,<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Pouget,<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> bon<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Laberthonni\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> Maurice<\/span><\/span> Blondel<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> tant<\/span><\/span> d\u2019autres<\/span><\/span> \u2014<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> ceux-l\u00e0,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> efforc\u00e9s<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> faire<\/span><\/span> avancer<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> faire<\/span><\/span> cro\u00eetre,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> faire<\/span><\/span> assimiler<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvert<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> sciences,<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> ceux-l\u00e0,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> beaucoup<\/span><\/span> d\u2019autres,<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> constamment<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> inlassablement<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9nonc\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Lagrange<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> retir\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00c9cole<\/span><\/span> biblique<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> J\u00e9rusalem,<\/span><\/span> sur<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9nonciations.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Guillaume<\/span><\/span> Pouget<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> retir\u00e9<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019enseignement.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> bon<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Laberthonni\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> vu<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> grande<\/span><\/span> partie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> \u0153uvre<\/span><\/span> mise<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Index.<\/span><\/span> On<\/span><\/span> lui<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> interdit<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9crire.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9crivait<\/span><\/span> Maurice<\/span><\/span> Blondel,<\/span><\/span> mur\u00e9<\/span><\/span> vivant.<\/span><\/span> Maurice<\/span><\/span> Blondel<\/span><\/span> lui-m\u00eame,<\/span><\/span> l\u2019un<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> plus<\/span><\/span> grands<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9taphysiciens<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tiens<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> temps,<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> incessamment<\/span><\/span> harcel\u00e9<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9nonciations<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> allaient<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> Rome<\/span><\/span> s\u2019accumuler.<\/span><\/span> Le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Teilhard<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> vu<\/span><\/span> interdire<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> publier<\/span><\/span> aucun<\/span><\/span> livre<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> son<\/span><\/span> vivant.<\/span><\/span> Tous<\/span><\/span> ceux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effor\u00e7aient<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9soudre<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> posaient<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> domaines<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9nonc\u00e9s,<\/span><\/span> soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s, harcel\u00e9s, condamn\u00e9s ou interdits<\/span><\/span> d\u2019enseigner.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ainsi <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>chr\u00e9tienne, <\/span><\/span>dans son effort <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>croissance, <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>refoul\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>au d\u00e9but de ce si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> par<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> h\u00e9ros,<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> combattants<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> premi\u00e8res<\/span><\/span> lignes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne, ont-ils <\/span><\/span>\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9nonc\u00e9s, pers\u00e9cut\u00e9s\u00a0<\/span><\/span>? <\/span><\/span>Qui les <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>fait condamner, retirer <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019enseignement\u00a0<\/span><\/span>? <\/span><\/span>Qui <\/span><\/span>est<\/span><\/span> responsable <\/span><\/span>des <\/span><\/span>retards <\/span><\/span>de la pens\u00e9e chr\u00e9tienne \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes qui s\u2019imposent \u00e0 elle<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>? \u2014<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Ceux-l\u00e0<\/span><\/span> m\u00eames qui<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> font<\/span><\/span> schisme.<\/span><\/span> Ce<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> m\u00eames,<\/span><\/span> c\u2019est<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> groupe, la m\u00eame \u00e9quipe, qui n\u2019admettaient pas la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019\u00e9volution, parce qu\u2019ils ne savaient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> comment<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9grer<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9orie<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> doctrine<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> pers\u00e9cut\u00e9<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Teilhard<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> d\u2019autres<\/span><\/span> temps<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> pers\u00e9cut\u00e9<\/span><\/span> Galil\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> n\u2019admettaient<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Critique<\/span><\/span> biblique,<\/span><\/span> parce qu\u2019ils ne savaient pas comment int\u00e9grer <\/span><\/span>les <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9couvertes <\/span><\/span>de la <\/span><\/span>Critique biblique avec <\/span><\/span>les<\/span><\/span> exigences<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologie.<\/span><\/span> Alors<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> ont<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9nonc\u00e9<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> pers\u00e9cut\u00e9<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> savants<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Lagrange<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> s\u2019effor\u00e7aient<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> traiter<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9soudre<\/span><\/span> ces<\/span><\/span> probl\u00e8mes.<\/span><\/span> Et<\/span><\/span> ainsi<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> suite.<\/span><\/span> Bergson,<\/span><\/span> celui<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9livr\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> comme<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00e9crivait<\/span><\/span> P\u00e9guy<\/span><\/span> d\u00e8s<\/span><\/span> 1905,<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> moderne<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> mat\u00e9rialisme<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9terminisme,<\/span><\/span> Bergson a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019Index.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En ce <\/span><\/span>temps-l\u00e0, ceux <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9non\u00e7aient constamment <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>faisaient <\/span><\/span>condamner<\/span><\/span> inlassablement,<\/span><\/span> n\u2019avaient qu\u2019un seul mot \u00e0 la bouche\u00a0: ob\u00e9issance au Pape<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce sont <\/span><\/span>les <\/span><\/span>m\u00eames, <\/span><\/span>c\u2019est le <\/span><\/span>m\u00eame <\/span><\/span>groupe <\/span><\/span>aujourd\u2019hui <\/span><\/span>qui fait <\/span><\/span>schisme <\/span><\/span>et qui rejette<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> Concile \u0153cum\u00e9nique r\u00e9uni dans l\u2019Esprit<\/span><\/span> saint\u2026 Avouez que le paradoxe est<\/span><\/span> fort\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mais <\/span><\/span>il <\/span><\/span>n\u2019y <\/span><\/span>a <\/span><\/span>pas lieu <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>s\u2019\u00e9tonner. <\/span><\/span>L\u2019un des <\/span><\/span>adversaires <\/span><\/span>de ce <\/span><\/span>groupe <\/span><\/span>si vigilant, ce <\/span><\/span>fut <\/span><\/span>le<\/span><\/span> grand<\/span><\/span> cardinal<\/span><\/span> Newman<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> montr\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> livre<\/span><\/span> admirable<\/span><\/span> publi\u00e9<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> milieu<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> XIX<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> quoi<\/span><\/span> consiste<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/span> du<\/span><\/span> dogme.<\/span><\/span> L\u2019\u00c9glise<\/span><\/span> est<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> Organisme<\/span><\/span> spirituel<\/span><\/span> vivant<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9veloppe,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> grandit,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> prend<\/span><\/span> conscience<\/span><\/span> progressivement<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> fur<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> mesure<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> besoins,<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> richesses<\/span><\/span> contenues <\/span><\/span>dans son <\/span><\/span>tr\u00e9sor, <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>R\u00e9v\u00e9lation. <\/span><\/span>La <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>l\u2019\u00c9glise <\/span><\/span>progresse <\/span><\/span>et <\/span><\/span>lorsque l\u2019\u00c9glise <\/span><\/span>se <\/span><\/span>r\u00e9unit dans <\/span><\/span>un <\/span><\/span>Concile \u0153cum\u00e9nique, <\/span><\/span>elle dit <\/span><\/span>sa <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e, <\/span><\/span>qui <\/span><\/span>est <\/span><\/span>la <\/span><\/span>pens\u00e9e <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>Dieu qui <\/span><\/span>la travaille du<\/span><\/span> dedans.<\/span><\/span> Ceux qui ont <\/span><\/span>d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 <\/span><\/span>avec <\/span><\/span>acharnement <\/span><\/span>le P\u00e8re Teilhard, Bergson, Blondel, et tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> autres,<\/span><\/span> n\u2019admettent<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9veloppement,<\/span><\/span> ils<\/span><\/span> n\u2019admettent<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> croissance<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation.<\/span><\/span> Ce<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> essentiellement,<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> dans<\/span><\/span> tous<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> domaines,<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> fixistes,<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> valorisent<\/span><\/span> toujours<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> pass\u00e9<\/span><\/span> au<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9pens<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> n\u2019ont<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> pu<\/span><\/span> int\u00e9grer<\/span><\/span> l\u2019id\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> parce<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019au<\/span><\/span> fond<\/span><\/span> l\u2019id\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span><\/span> signifie<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> enseigne<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Cr\u00e9ation<\/span><\/span> se<\/span><\/span> continue.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> n\u2019ont<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> pu<\/span><\/span> assimiler<\/span><\/span> les<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9couvertes<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Critique<\/span><\/span> biblique,<\/span><\/span> parce<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> celles-ci<\/span><\/span> nous<\/span><\/span> enseignent<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> R\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> effectu\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> progressivement.<\/span><\/span> Ils<\/span><\/span> rejettent <\/span><\/span>le <\/span><\/span>second <\/span><\/span>Concile \u0153cum\u00e9nique <\/span><\/span>du <\/span><\/span>Vatican <\/span><\/span>parce que celui-ci, \u00e0 certains \u00e9gards,<\/span><\/span> repr\u00e9sente<\/span><\/span> un<\/span><\/span> d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/span> Il<\/span><\/span> s\u2019est<\/span><\/span> toujours<\/span><\/span> trouv\u00e9,<\/span><\/span> lors<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> chaque<\/span><\/span> Concile<\/span><\/span> \u0153cum\u00e9nique,<\/span><\/span> depuis<\/span><\/span> celui<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Nic\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> 325,<\/span><\/span> des<\/span><\/span> th\u00e9ologiens<\/span><\/span> pour<\/span><\/span> repousser<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> formule<\/span><\/span> nouvelle,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> nouvelle,<\/span><\/span> une<\/span><\/span> vue<\/span><\/span> nouvelle, parce qu\u2019elle ne se trouvait pas dans les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes d\u00e9finitions. Ce qui se<\/span><\/span> passe<\/span><\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span><\/span> n\u2019a<\/span><\/span> donc<\/span><\/span> m\u00eame<\/span><\/span> pas<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> m\u00e9rite<\/span><\/span> d\u2019\u00eatre<\/span><\/span> nouveau.<\/span><\/span> Fixistes<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> biologie,<\/span><\/span> r\u00e9actionnaires<\/span><\/span> en politique, ils sont int\u00e9gristes en th\u00e9ologie. Leur cas rel\u00e8ve de la<\/span><\/span> psychologie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quant \u00e0 ceux qui ont <\/span><\/span>souffert <\/span><\/span>et qui sont <\/span><\/span>tomb\u00e9s <\/span><\/span>au <\/span><\/span>champ <\/span><\/span>de <\/span><\/span>bataille, <\/span><\/span>le P\u00e8re <\/span><\/span>Laberthonni\u00e8re,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Lagrange,<\/span><\/span> Maurice<\/span><\/span> Blondel,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Pouget,<\/span><\/span> le<\/span><\/span> P\u00e8re<\/span><\/span> Teilhard,<\/span><\/span> ce<\/span><\/span> sont<\/span><\/span> eux<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> repr\u00e9sentent<\/span><\/span> l\u2019avenir<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pens\u00e9e<\/span><\/span> chr\u00e9tienne<\/span><\/span> et<\/span><\/span> qui<\/span><\/span> permettront<\/span><\/span> \u00e0<\/span><\/span> l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> franchir<\/span><\/span> aussi<\/span><\/span> jeune<\/span><\/span> qu\u2019au<\/span><\/span> premier<\/span><\/span> jour le seuil du XXI<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Paru dans <\/span><\/span>La<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Voix<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>du<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Nord,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>15<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>mai<\/span><\/span> 1977<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le titre est de 3e Mill\u00e9naire Robert D\u00e9cout.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0N\u2019avez-vous pas l\u2019impression d\u2019aller \u00e0 contre-courant de la pens\u00e9e contemporaine\u00a0? Est-elle encore actuelle, cette philosophie chr\u00e9tienne dont vous \u00eates l\u2019un des serviteurs les plus inlassables\u00a0? Claude Tresmontant. \u2014\u00a0Je vais en effet consciemment et d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment \u00e0 contre-courant des tendances dominantes et majoritaires de la pens\u00e9e philosophique contemporaine. D\u2019abord parce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,1419],"tags":[280,106,1557,402,1438,191],"class_list":["post-20279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-interview","category-tresmontant-claude","tag-christianisme","tag-crise","tag-monotheisme-evolutif","tag-philosophie","tag-science-et-religion","tag-teilhard"],"yoast_head":"\nMon approche par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/mon-approche-par-claude-tresmontant\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mon approche par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le titre est de 3e Mill\u00e9naire Robert D\u00e9cout.\u00a0\u2014\u00a0N\u2019avez-vous pas l\u2019impression d\u2019aller \u00e0 contre-courant de la pens\u00e9e contemporaine\u00a0? 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