{"id":20563,"date":"2025-04-13T02:51:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T01:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/?p=20563"},"modified":"2025-04-13T02:55:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T01:55:15","slug":"le-probleme-de-lexistence-de-dieu-par-claude-tresmontant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/le-probleme-de-lexistence-de-dieu-par-claude-tresmontant\/","title":{"rendered":"Le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019existence de Dieu par Claude Tresmontant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Premi\u00e8re<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>analyse<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> alors<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> purement<\/span> et<\/span> simplement,<\/span> la<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> ou<\/span> encore<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> absolu<\/span> ou<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> pris<\/span> absolument.<\/span> Absolu,<\/span> du<\/span> latin<\/span> absolutus,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>signifie<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> d\u00e9li\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> toute<\/span> relation<\/span> de<\/span> d\u00e9pendance.<\/span> Si<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> seul,<\/span> il<\/span> est<\/span> d\u00e9li\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> toute<\/span> relation<\/span> de<\/span> d\u00e9pendance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Or<\/span> la<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> surgir<\/span> du<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu<\/span> ou n\u00e9gation de tout<\/span> \u00eatre quel qu\u2019il soit.<\/span> Aucun<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> d\u2019ailleurs<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> surgir<\/span> du<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu<\/span> ou<\/span> n\u00e9gation<\/span> de<\/span> tout<\/span> \u00eatre.<\/span> Le<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu<\/span> est <\/span>st\u00e9rile.<\/span> Si,<\/span> une<\/span> fois,<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a,<\/span> alors<\/span> \u00e9ternellement<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> aura.<\/span> Puisque<\/span> de<\/span> fait<\/span> quelque \u00eatre existe <\/span>\u2014 <\/span>au <\/span>moins l\u2019Univers <\/span>\u2014 <\/span>cela prouve <\/span>que <\/span>toujours quelque <\/span>\u00eatre <\/span>a <\/span>exist\u00e9. <\/span>Il <\/span>reste<\/span> \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer<\/span> lequel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sur ce point tout le monde est d\u2019accord. Toutes les <\/span>m\u00e9taphysiques <\/span>sont d\u2019accord, les<\/span> id\u00e9alistes<\/span> et<\/span> les<\/span> mat\u00e9rialistes,<\/span> et<\/span> aussi<\/span> la<\/span> monoth\u00e9iste.<\/span> L\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span> la<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> surgir<\/span> du<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu. Quelque <\/span>\u00eatre est <\/span>n\u00e9cessaire. <\/span>Les <\/span>m\u00e9taphysiques <\/span>mat\u00e9rialistes <\/span>nous disent <\/span>que cet <\/span>\u00eatre n\u00e9cessaire, c\u2019est <\/span>la <\/span>mati\u00e8re \u00e9ternelle, incr\u00e9\u00e9e, inusable, imp\u00e9rissable. <\/span>Les <\/span>m\u00e9taphysiques id\u00e9alistes<\/span> nous assurent<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> premier<\/span> est<\/span> d\u2019ordre<\/span> spirituel.<\/span> Mais<\/span> toutes<\/span> sont<\/span> d\u2019accord<\/span> pour<\/span> professer<\/span> que quelque<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> est<\/span> n\u00e9cessaire<\/span> et<\/span> donc<\/span> \u00e9ternel<\/span> dans<\/span> le<\/span> pass\u00e9.<\/span> Il<\/span> est<\/span> impensable<\/span> que<\/span> la<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> surgisse <\/span>du <\/span>n\u00e9ant absolu <\/span>ou <\/span>n\u00e9gation <\/span>de tout \u00eatre quel qu\u2019il soit. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019enseignait<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide<\/span> autour <\/span>de <\/span>500 <\/span>avant notre <\/span>\u00e8re. <\/span>Le <\/span>n\u00e9ant <\/span>absolu n\u2019a jamais <\/span>exist\u00e9, <\/span>si <\/span>l\u2019on <\/span>peut <\/span>dire. <\/span>Il <\/span>n\u2019y <\/span>a <\/span>jamais <\/span>eu<\/span> de n\u00e9ant absolu. <\/span>Au concept de n\u00e9ant absolu ne correspond rien, il n\u2019a <\/span>jamais <\/span>\u00e9t\u00e9 pens\u00e9 par<\/span> personne.<\/span> Le <\/span>n\u00e9ant absolu <\/span>ou n\u00e9gation de tout \u00eatre quel qu\u2019il soit est tellement impossible que personne<\/span> n\u2019a pu,<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> et<\/span> ne<\/span> pourra<\/span> jamais<\/span> penser<\/span> une<\/span> telle<\/span> n\u00e9gation<\/span> exhaustive<\/span> de<\/span> tout<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> quel<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> soit<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>: c\u2019est l\u2019analyse de Bergson,<\/span> 1907.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il en r\u00e9sulte, si cette analyse est exacte, que quelque <\/span>\u00eatre est <\/span>n\u00e9cessaire. <\/span>Si le <\/span>n\u00e9ant absolu,<\/span> ou <\/span>n\u00e9gation<\/span> de<\/span> tout<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> quel<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> soit<\/span> est<\/span> impossible,<\/span> cela<\/span> prouve<\/span> que<\/span> quelque<\/span> \u00eatre,<\/span> un<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> au<\/span> moins, est<\/span> n\u00e9cessaire.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reste toujours <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>d\u00e9terminer <\/span>quel <\/span>est cet <\/span>\u00eatre <\/span>n\u00e9cessaire <\/span>qui ne peut pas ne pas<\/span> exister.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>est vrai, <\/span>l\u2019Univers physique <\/span>est l\u2019\u00eatre, le seul \u00eatre, et donc l\u2019\u00eatre absolu,<\/span> la totalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00eatre, ou encore l\u2019\u00eatre purement et<\/span> simplement.<\/span><\/p>\n

La<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> surgir<\/span> du<\/span> n\u00e9ant<\/span> absolu<\/span> ou<\/span> n\u00e9gation<\/span> de<\/span> tout<\/span> \u00eatre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par <\/span>cons\u00e9quent, <\/span>si <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>est vrai, <\/span>l\u2019Univers, <\/span>qui est <\/span>la totalit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00eatre, n\u2019a pas<\/span> commenc\u00e9.<\/span> Il existe dans le <\/span>pass\u00e9 <\/span>de <\/span>toute <\/span>\u00e9ternit\u00e9, <\/span>de <\/span>m\u00eame qu\u2019il existera dans l\u2019avenir <\/span>pour l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9,<\/span> comme nous le verrons plus<\/span> loin.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est <\/span>bien <\/span>ce <\/span>qu\u2019enseignent <\/span>les <\/span>m\u00e9taphysiques mat\u00e9rialistes <\/span>et <\/span>ath\u00e9es depuis plus <\/span>de<\/span> vingt-cinq <\/span>si\u00e8cles, depuis <\/span>les <\/span>atomistes grecs jusqu\u2019\u00e0 <\/span>Marx, <\/span>Engels, L\u00e9nine. L\u2019Univers <\/span>physique, qui est le<\/span> seul<\/span> \u00eatre, existe depuis toujours\u00a0; il existe de toute \u00e9ternit\u00e9 et pour l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9. Il est l\u2019\u00eatre, il est ce qui<\/span> est,<\/span> il<\/span> n\u2019y<\/span> a<\/span> pas<\/span> de<\/span> commencement<\/span> pour<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre.<\/span> C\u2019est<\/span> la<\/span> th\u00e8se<\/span> de<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>est vrai, <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>est l\u2019\u00eatre purement <\/span>et <\/span>simplement <\/span>et par <\/span>cons\u00e9quent <\/span>il ne<\/span> peut <\/span>pas avoir<\/span> commenc\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019astrophysique<\/span> \u00e9tablit<\/span> aujourd\u2019hui<\/span> ou<\/span> demain<\/span> \u2014 <\/span>et<\/span> elle<\/span> semble<\/span> le<\/span> faire<\/span> \u2014<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> a <\/span>commenc\u00e9,<\/span> alors<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> physique<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> pas<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> purement<\/span> et<\/span> simplement,<\/span> la<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> absolu,<\/span> et<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> pas<\/span> vrai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019astrophysique<\/span> \u00e9tablit<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> a<\/span> commenc\u00e9,<\/span> alors<\/span> ce<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> dit<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> depuis vingt-cinq si\u00e8cles <\/span>au <\/span>moins n\u2019est pas vrai. <\/span>L\u2019Univers <\/span>n\u2019est pas l\u2019\u00eatre <\/span>absolu, <\/span>l\u2019\u00eatre <\/span>purement<\/span> et<\/span> simplement,<\/span> puisqu\u2019il<\/span> a<\/span> commenc\u00e9<\/span> d\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> et<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> absolu,<\/span> lui,<\/span> ne<\/span> commence<\/span> pas<\/span> d\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> ou d\u2019exister.<\/span><\/p>\n

Donc, <\/span>ou <\/span>bien l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>va <\/span>tenir <\/span>compte <\/span>de ce <\/span>qu\u2019enseigne l\u2019astrophysique, <\/span>et il va <\/span>renoncer<\/span> \u00e0 <\/span>lui-m\u00eame, <\/span>il va <\/span>renoncer <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>\u00eatre ath\u00e9isme. <\/span>Ou <\/span>bien <\/span>il ne va <\/span>pas <\/span>tenir compte <\/span>de ce<\/span> qu\u2019enseigne <\/span>l\u2019astrophysique, <\/span>et il va <\/span>n\u00e9gliger l\u2019exp\u00e9rience, envoyer promener l\u2019exp\u00e9rience, <\/span>et se<\/span> pr\u00e9senter<\/span> d\u00e9sormais comme <\/span>un <\/span>ath\u00e9isme purement litt\u00e9raire, <\/span>un <\/span>ath\u00e9isme <\/span>irrationaliste <\/span>et <\/span>non scientifique,<\/span> un <\/span>ath\u00e9isme<\/span> verbal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deuxi\u00e8me<\/span> analyse<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span> le<\/span> seul<\/span> \u00eatre,<\/span> la<\/span> totalit\u00e9<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> absolu.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Univers \u00e9tait dans <\/span>un <\/span>certain \u00e9tat, <\/span>il <\/span>y <\/span>a, <\/span>disons quinze milliards <\/span>d\u2019ann\u00e9es. <\/span>Les <\/span>physiciens,<\/span> les <\/span>astrophysiciens, <\/span>les <\/span>th\u00e9oriciens de la physique cosmique, nous disent dans <\/span>quel \u00e9tat \u00e9tait l\u2019Univers<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> dix-huit,<\/span> quinze,<\/span> dix,<\/span> sept<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span> Autrement<\/span> dit,<\/span> ils<\/span> nous<\/span> d\u00e9crivent<\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span> ou l\u2019\u00e9volution <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019Univers. Nous <\/span>connaissons <\/span>maintenant <\/span>les \u00e9tapes de cette histoire et de<\/span> cette<\/span> \u00e9volution. <\/span>Nous savons <\/span>maintenant <\/span>qu\u2019il <\/span>existe une <\/span>histoire <\/span>de la <\/span>mati\u00e8re, <\/span>qui va de <\/span>la <\/span>mati\u00e8re <\/span>la<\/span> plus<\/span> simple<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span> la<\/span> plus<\/span> complexe.<\/span> La<\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span> la<\/span> plus<\/span> simple<\/span> est<\/span> aussi<\/span> la<\/span> plus<\/span> ancienne.<\/span> Il<\/span> existe<\/span> une histoire<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> mati\u00e8re<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019objet<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> physique.<\/span> Nous<\/span> savons<\/span> que<\/span> cette<\/span> \u00e9volution<\/span> ou<\/span> composition<\/span> de la <\/span>mati\u00e8re <\/span>qu\u2019\u00e9tudie <\/span>le <\/span>physicien <\/span>se <\/span>termine <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>une <\/span>centaine d\u2019esp\u00e8ces physiques. <\/span>Puis<\/span> cette \u00e9volution<\/span> proprement<\/span> physique<\/span> est<\/span> relay\u00e9e<\/span> par<\/span> une<\/span> \u00e9volution<\/span> de<\/span> type<\/span> ou<\/span> d\u2019ordre<\/span> mol\u00e9culaire<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>: <\/span>composition, invention <\/span>progressive des <\/span>mol\u00e9cules\u00a0<\/span>; \u2014\u00a0<\/span>des <\/span>mol\u00e9cules g\u00e9antes <\/span>compos\u00e9es <\/span>de<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> plus<\/span> simples\u00a0;<\/span> \u2014<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>invention<\/span> et<\/span> composition<\/span> de<\/span> ces<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> g\u00e9antes<\/span> qui<\/span> portent<\/span> ou<\/span> supportent<\/span> des<\/span> messages <\/span>g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, <\/span>des <\/span>messages <\/span>qui ont pour <\/span>finalit\u00e9 <\/span>de <\/span>composer <\/span>des <\/span>\u00eatres <\/span>vivants. <\/span>Cela <\/span>se <\/span>passait<\/span> il <\/span>y a <\/span>environ <\/span>trois milliards cinquante millions<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cette<\/span> \u00e9volution<\/span> mol\u00e9culaire<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019objet<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> science<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> la<\/span> biochimie,<\/span> est<\/span> relay\u00e9e<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> son<\/span> tour par une <\/span>\u00e9volution <\/span>qui est <\/span>l\u2019histoire naturelle <\/span>des <\/span>esp\u00e8ces vivantes. <\/span>Au cours du temps, au<\/span> cours de l\u2019histoire naturelle, depuis <\/span>plus <\/span>de <\/span>trois <\/span>milliards <\/span>d\u2019ann\u00e9es, <\/span>des <\/span>messages <\/span>g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/span> apparaissent,<\/span> de <\/span>plus <\/span>en <\/span>plus <\/span>complexes, <\/span>de <\/span>plus <\/span>en <\/span>plus riches <\/span>en <\/span>information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, <\/span>qui <\/span>composent<\/span> ou <\/span>commandent<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> composition<\/span> de<\/span> syst\u00e8mes<\/span> biologiques<\/span> de<\/span> plus<\/span> en<\/span> plus<\/span> complexes,<\/span> diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s,<\/span> sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s.<\/span> Cela<\/span> dure<\/span> depuis<\/span> l\u2019invention<\/span> des<\/span> premiers<\/span> syst\u00e8mes<\/span> biologiques,<\/span> les<\/span> monocellulaires,<\/span> et <\/span>cela <\/span>se <\/span>continue jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019Homme, <\/span>qui <\/span>vient d\u2019appara\u00eetre, <\/span>ce <\/span>matin <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>l\u2019aube, <\/span>si <\/span>l\u2019on consid\u00e8re<\/span> les <\/span>dur\u00e9es<\/span> cosmologiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est<\/span> dire<\/span> que,<\/span> consid\u00e9r\u00e9<\/span> dans<\/span> son<\/span> ensemble,<\/span> dans<\/span> son<\/span> histoire<\/span> et<\/span> son<\/span> \u00e9volution<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/span> que <\/span>nous <\/span>discernons maintenant <\/span>en <\/span>cette <\/span>fin <\/span>du <\/span>XX<\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle, l\u2019Univers est <\/span>un syst\u00e8me dans<\/span> lequel l\u2019information augmente constamment <\/span>et <\/span>m\u00eame, <\/span>nous <\/span>disent certains savants, d\u2019une mani\u00e8re<\/span> acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/span> L\u2019Univers <\/span>est <\/span>un <\/span>syst\u00e8me <\/span>en <\/span>train d\u2019\u00eatre <\/span>compos\u00e9 depuis des milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, dix-huit<\/span> milliards <\/span>d\u2019apr\u00e8s <\/span>les <\/span>datations <\/span>les plus <\/span>r\u00e9centes, <\/span>en <\/span>1980. <\/span>La <\/span>mati\u00e8re <\/span>est <\/span>en <\/span>r\u00e9gime <\/span>de <\/span>composition,<\/span> de <\/span>complexification <\/span>depuis <\/span>dix-huit milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es au moins. Teilhard avait vu cela, avant<\/span> l\u2019ann\u00e9e<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>1940.<\/span> Salut<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> lui\u00a0!<\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> plus<\/span> riche<\/span> en<\/span> information<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> ne<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9tait<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> cinq,<\/span> dix,<\/span> quinze<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span> Des<\/span> compositions<\/span> physiques,<\/span> mol\u00e9culaires,<\/span> macromol\u00e9culaires,<\/span> biologiques,<\/span> sont<\/span> venues <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>l\u2019\u00eatre <\/span>qui n\u2019existaient <\/span>pas <\/span>auparavant. L\u2019Univers <\/span>est <\/span>un <\/span>syst\u00e8me <\/span>en <\/span>r\u00e9gime <\/span>de<\/span> gen\u00e8se continu\u00e9e <\/span>depuis <\/span>au <\/span>moins dix-huit <\/span>milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span><\/p>\n

Or l\u2019Univers d\u2019il y a dix-huit milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, ou <\/span>quinze <\/span>milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, <\/span>ou<\/span> dix <\/span>milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, <\/span>ne <\/span>suffisait <\/span>pas <\/span>pour <\/span>se <\/span>donner <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>lui-m\u00eame <\/span>une <\/span>information <\/span>nouvelle qu\u2019il<\/span> ne poss\u00e9dait pas. La plus belle fille du monde, dit un vieux proverbe fran\u00e7ais, ne peut donner que<\/span> ce <\/span>qu\u2019elle<\/span> a,<\/span> et<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> beaucoup.<\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span> ne<\/span> pouvait<\/span> pas,<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> dix-huit<\/span> milliards,<\/span> quinze<\/span> milliards,<\/span> dix<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span> se<\/span> donner<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> lui-m\u00eame<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> ne<\/span> poss\u00e9dait<\/span> pas,<\/span> l\u2019information<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/span> nouvelle<\/span> qui<\/span> n\u2019existait<\/span> pas<\/span> encore<\/span> en<\/span> lui.<\/span> Et<\/span> si<\/span> l\u2019on<\/span> suit<\/span> \u00e9tape<\/span> par<\/span> \u00e9tape<\/span> l\u2019invention<\/span> des<\/span> nouveaux<\/span> g\u00e8nes,<\/span> au cours<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span> naturelle<\/span> des<\/span> esp\u00e8ces,<\/span> au<\/span> cours<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span> biologique,<\/span> on<\/span> peut<\/span> constater<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9tat<\/span> de <\/span>la <\/span>mati\u00e8re<\/span> \u00e0 un <\/span>certain<\/span> moment,<\/span> le <\/span>degr\u00e9<\/span> de <\/span>composition<\/span> physique,<\/span> mol\u00e9culaire,<\/span> macromol\u00e9culaire<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> un<\/span> certain<\/span> moment,<\/span> ne<\/span> suffit<\/span> pas<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> rendre<\/span> compte<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019invention<\/span> d\u2019un<\/span> message g\u00e9n\u00e9tique nouveau, <\/span>qui <\/span>n\u2019existait <\/span>pas auparavant, <\/span>et qui <\/span>vient d\u2019\u00eatre invent\u00e9. L\u2019ancien, <\/span>dans<\/span> l\u2019histoire de<\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span> ne<\/span> suffit<\/span> jamais<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> rendre<\/span> compte<\/span> du<\/span> nouveau.<\/span> Or<\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> une histoire <\/span>dans <\/span>laquelle<\/span> \u00e0 <\/span>chaque<\/span> moment, <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>chaque<\/span> instant, <\/span>il y a <\/span>gen\u00e8se d\u2019irr\u00e9ductible<\/span> et <\/span>d\u2019impr\u00e9visible <\/span>nouveaut\u00e9. Salut <\/span>\u00e0 Bergson<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est <\/span>donc que <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>ne <\/span>suffit jamais, <\/span>dans son <\/span>histoire <\/span>pass\u00e9e, <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>rendre <\/span>compte de<\/span> la nouveaut\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre <\/span>qui s\u2019effectue, qui se r\u00e9alise, qui s\u2019invente en<\/span> lui.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si l\u2019ath\u00e9isme est vrai, alors l\u2019Univers est seul, il est le seul \u00eatre, l\u2019\u00eatre absolu, l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> purement et<\/span> simplement.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> purement<\/span> et<\/span> simplement,<\/span> doit<\/span> avoir<\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> \u00e9ternel dans<\/span> le<\/span> pass\u00e9,<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> part,<\/span> \u2014<\/span> ce<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019astrophysique<\/span> ne<\/span> confirme<\/span> pas,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> le<\/span> moins<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019on<\/span> puisse dire. Et d\u2019autre part, il aurait d\u00fb rester ce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait, de toute \u00e9ternit\u00e9, et par exemple il y a<\/span> dix-huit<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> quinze<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es,<\/span> il<\/span> y<\/span> a<\/span> dix<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/span> Il<\/span> n\u2019aurait<\/span> pas<\/span> d\u00fb <\/span>\u00e9voluer,<\/span> il<\/span> n\u2019aurait<\/span> pas<\/span> d\u00fb<\/span> se<\/span> donner<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> lui-m\u00eame<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> ne<\/span> poss\u00e9dait<\/span> pas<\/span> auparavant<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> des<\/span> formes <\/span>plus<\/span> complexes<\/span> de<\/span> mati\u00e8re.<\/span> Il<\/span> n\u2019aurait<\/span> pas<\/span> d\u00fb<\/span> inventer<\/span> des<\/span> mol\u00e9cules<\/span> nouvelles,<\/span> inou\u00efes,<\/span> in\u00e9dites<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>;<\/span> il n\u2019aurait <\/span>pas d\u00fb <\/span>inventer <\/span>ces mol\u00e9cules <\/span>g\u00e9antes qui supportent l\u2019information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Il <\/span>n\u2019aurait<\/span> pas<\/span> d\u00fb <\/span>inventer <\/span>sans <\/span>se <\/span>lasser <\/span>des <\/span>messages <\/span>g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/span> toujours plus riches <\/span>en <\/span>information<\/span> qui <\/span>commandent<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span> des<\/span> syst\u00e8mes<\/span> biologiques<\/span> de<\/span> plus<\/span> en<\/span> plus<\/span> complexes,<\/span> de<\/span> plus<\/span> en<\/span> plus<\/span> diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il aurait d\u00fb rester ce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait, de toute \u00e9ternit\u00e9. Il ne devrait pas \u00eatre en gen\u00e8se, en<\/span> r\u00e9gime<\/span> d\u2019\u00e9volution, en r\u00e9gime d\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span> cr\u00e9atrice.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est<\/span> bien<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019avaient<\/span> vu<\/span> et<\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/span> dit<\/span> les<\/span> vieux<\/span> m\u00e9taphysiciens<\/span> grecs<\/span> tels<\/span> que<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide<\/span> et<\/span> ses<\/span> disciples,<\/span> et<\/span> aussi<\/span> H\u00e9raclite<\/span> L\u2019\u00catre<\/span> absolu<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> avoir<\/span> commenc\u00e9.<\/span> Il<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> non<\/span> plus <\/span>\u00e9voluer,<\/span> il<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> se<\/span> donner<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> lui-m\u00eame<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> n\u2019a<\/span> pas,<\/span> ni<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> a,<\/span> car<\/span> s\u2019il<\/span> l\u2019a<\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0,<\/span> ce<\/span> n\u2019est pas<\/span> la<\/span> peine<\/span> de<\/span> se<\/span> le<\/span> donner.<\/span> L\u2019\u00catre<\/span> absolu<\/span> est<\/span> donc<\/span> \u00e9ternel,<\/span> sans<\/span> gen\u00e8se,<\/span> sans<\/span> \u00e9volution,<\/span> sans <\/span>enrichissement, <\/span>sans<\/span> croissance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>est <\/span>vrai, l\u2019Univers <\/span>est <\/span>l\u2019\u00catre ainsi compris, comme l\u2019ont con\u00e7u Parm\u00e9nide<\/span> et H\u00e9raclite, chacun <\/span>\u00e0 sa<\/span> mani\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme est vrai, <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>devrait \u00eatre <\/span>\u00e9ternel <\/span>et il ne <\/span>devrait <\/span>pas <\/span>\u00e9voluer, <\/span>il ne <\/span>devrait<\/span> pas s\u2019enrichir, <\/span>il ne <\/span>devrait <\/span>pas \u00eatre <\/span>en <\/span>r\u00e9gime d\u2019\u00e9volution objectivement <\/span>cr\u00e9atrice. <\/span>Il devrait<\/span> rester \u00e9ternellement<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> est<\/span> comme<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> de<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Or <\/span>s\u2019il <\/span>est une <\/span>certitude <\/span>que <\/span>tous <\/span>les <\/span>savants <\/span>du <\/span>monde partagent, qu\u2019ils soient<\/span> chinois,<\/span> sovi\u00e9tiques,<\/span> am\u00e9ricains,<\/span> fran\u00e7ais<\/span> ou<\/span> autres,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> bien<\/span> celle-ci<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> la<\/span> grande<\/span> d\u00e9couverte<\/span> que<\/span> nous<\/span> avons <\/span>faite<\/span> au<\/span> XX<\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> un<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> \u00e9volutif,<\/span> g\u00e9n\u00e9tique,<\/span> dans<\/span> lequel<\/span> l\u2019information<\/span> augmente<\/span> objectivement<\/span> et<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span> acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e<\/span> au<\/span> cours<\/span> du<\/span> temps.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par <\/span>cons\u00e9quent, <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>n\u2019est <\/span>pas <\/span>l\u2019\u00catre <\/span>tel que le comprenaient Parm\u00e9nide et ses<\/span> disciples,<\/span> et l\u2019ath\u00e9isme n\u2019est pas<\/span> vrai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Notons pour m\u00e9moire <\/span>et <\/span>pour confirmation <\/span>que <\/span>Spinoza, dans <\/span>la <\/span>seconde partie <\/span>de<\/span> l\u2019<\/span>\u00c9thique, <\/i><\/span>scolie<\/span> du<\/span> Lemme<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>VII,<\/span> dit<\/span> express\u00e9ment<\/span> que<\/span> la<\/span> Nature<\/span> tout<\/span> enti\u00e8re<\/span> est<\/span> un<\/span> seul<\/span> individu,<\/span> dont<\/span> les parties,<\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span> tous<\/span> les<\/span> corps,<\/span> varient<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019infini,<\/span> mais<\/span> le<\/span> tout<\/span> lui-m\u00eame,<\/span> la<\/span> Nature<\/span> elle-m\u00eame<\/span> ne <\/span>comporte et ne peut comporter aucune mutation, aucun changement, aucune transformation,<\/span> aucune \u00e9volution.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cela<\/span> est<\/span> bien<\/span> naturel<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> puisque<\/span> la<\/span> Nature<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> absolu<\/span> lui-m\u00eame,<\/span> Natura<\/i><\/span> <\/i>sive<\/i><\/span> <\/i>Deus,<\/i><\/span> <\/i>il<\/span> est<\/span> bien<\/span> \u00e9vident<\/span> que<\/span> la<\/span> Nature<\/span> doit<\/span> \u00eatre<\/span> \u00e9ternelle,<\/span> elle<\/span> ne<\/span> doit<\/span> comporter<\/span> aucun<\/span> commencement,<\/span> elle<\/span> ne <\/span>doit <\/span>comporter aucune<\/span> \u00e9volution.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lorsqu\u2019on <\/span>suit l\u2019histoire <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>au <\/span>XVIII<\/span>e <\/span><\/span><\/sup>et au <\/span>XIX<\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle, <\/span>il <\/span>est <\/span>tr\u00e8s amusant<\/span> de<\/span> constater<\/span> qu\u2019au<\/span> fond<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> incompatible<\/span> avec<\/span> la<\/span> d\u00e9couverte<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019histoire<\/span> irr\u00e9versible<\/span> de <\/span>l\u2019Univers, avec <\/span>le <\/span>fait <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span> cosmique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> alors<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> lui-m\u00eame,<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> absolu,<\/span> et<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> absolu<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> pas<\/span> comporter<\/span> d\u2019\u00e9volution,<\/span> encore<\/span> moins<\/span> de<\/span> gen\u00e8se.<\/span> Or<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> en<\/span> r\u00e9gime<\/span> d\u2019\u00e9volution<\/span> et<\/span> de<\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span> depuis <\/span>au <\/span>moins <\/span>dix-huit <\/span>milliards <\/span>d\u2019ann\u00e9es, don<\/span>c<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme n\u2019est pas<\/span> vrai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> dit<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> Nature,<\/span> n\u2019est<\/span> pas<\/span> vrai,<\/span> puisque<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> dit<\/span> et<\/span> se trouve contraint <\/span>par ses <\/span>propres <\/span>principes <\/span>de <\/span>poser <\/span>et de <\/span>maintenir <\/span>que <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>est <\/span>un<\/span> syst\u00e8me<\/span> statique, fixe, sans \u00e9volution <\/span>et <\/span>sans <\/span>gen\u00e8se, parce qu\u2019il est, aux yeux de l\u2019ath\u00e9isme, l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> absolu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, ou bien l\u2019ath\u00e9isme se renonce \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame ou bien il renonce \u00e0 tenir<\/span> compte<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span> objective,<\/span> de<\/span> la<\/span> Nature<\/span> et<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> tels<\/span> que<\/span> nous<\/span> les<\/span> connaissons<\/span> par<\/span> les<\/span> sciences<\/span> exp\u00e9rimentales.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019ath\u00e9isme, depuis Nietzsche, semble port\u00e9 plut\u00f4t vers la seconde<\/span> voie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les<\/span> vieux<\/span> m\u00e9taphysiciens<\/span> grecs<\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0<\/span> nomm\u00e9s,<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide<\/span> et<\/span> ses<\/span> disciples,<\/span> H\u00e9raclite<\/span> et<\/span> bien d\u2019autres, avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu que l\u2019\u00catre, l\u2019\u00eatre absolu, ne peut ni commencer, ni \u00e9voluer ni vieillir. Il<\/span> ne<\/span> peut pas s\u2019user. Car s\u2019il \u00e9tait ainsi construit, s\u2019il \u00e9tait ainsi fait qu\u2019il s\u2019use d\u2019une <\/span>mani\u00e8re<\/span> irr\u00e9versible,<\/span> puisque d\u2019autre <\/span>part <\/span>on <\/span>suppose <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>priori <\/span>qu\u2019il <\/span>est <\/span>\u00e9ternel <\/span>dans le <\/span>pass\u00e9, <\/span>cette usure <\/span>serait<\/span> d\u00e9j\u00e0 parvenue \u00e0 son terme. L\u2019Univers serait fini, vid\u00e9,<\/span> us\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

On<\/span> pose<\/span> donc<\/span> en<\/span> principe<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> absolu<\/span> ne<\/span> vieillit<\/span> pas,<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> ne<\/span> s\u2019use<\/span> pas,<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> ne<\/span> se<\/span> d\u00e9grade <\/span>pas <\/span>d\u2019une <\/span>mani\u00e8re<\/span> irr\u00e9versible.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> alors<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> la<\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span> de<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide.<\/span> Il<\/span> ne<\/span> doit<\/span> donc<\/span> ni avoir commenc\u00e9, <\/span>ni \u00e9voluer, ni<\/span> s\u2019user.<\/span><\/p>\n

Or <\/span>nous <\/span>avons <\/span>d\u00e9couvert <\/span>au <\/span>XIX<\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle <\/span>et au <\/span>XX<\/span>e <\/span><\/span><\/sup>que <\/span>toutes <\/span>les <\/span>structures physiques,<\/span> dans l\u2019Univers <\/span>r\u00e9el, s\u2019usent <\/span>et se <\/span>d\u00e9gradent d\u2019une mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9versible. <\/span>Le <\/span>soleil transforme <\/span>son<\/span> stock<\/span> d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne <\/span>en <\/span>h\u00e9lium <\/span>et <\/span>cela <\/span>d\u2019une <\/span>mani\u00e8re <\/span>irr\u00e9versible. <\/span>Il <\/span>n\u2019y <\/span>a <\/span>pas <\/span>de <\/span>processus inverse.<\/span> Par<\/span> cons\u00e9quent, si le soleil \u00e9tait \u00e9ternel, comme le r\u00eavait <\/span>Aristote, <\/span>il <\/span>devrait \u00eatre <\/span>us\u00e9 <\/span>depuis <\/span>une<\/span> \u00e9ternit\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> avoir<\/span> transform\u00e9<\/span> depuis<\/span> une<\/span> \u00e9ternit\u00e9<\/span> son<\/span> stock<\/span> d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span> en<\/span> h\u00e9lium.<\/span> Depuis<\/span> une<\/span> \u00e9ternit\u00e9<\/span> il<\/span> devrait \u00eatre <\/span>une <\/span>naine blanche, <\/span>une <\/span>\u00e9toile morte. M\u00eame raisonnement pour notre <\/span>galaxie, <\/span>qui<\/span> est<\/span> compos\u00e9e<\/span> ou<\/span> constitu\u00e9e<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> centaine<\/span> de<\/span> milliards<\/span> d\u2019\u00e9toiles,<\/span> dont<\/span> chacune<\/span> use<\/span> et<\/span> transforme<\/span> son <\/span>hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span> et<\/span> h\u00e9lium<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span> irr\u00e9versible<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>;<\/span> si<\/span> notre<\/span> galaxie<\/span> \u00e9tait<\/span> \u00e9ternelle<\/span> dans<\/span> le<\/span> pass\u00e9,<\/span> elle <\/span>devrait<\/span> avoir<\/span> transform\u00e9<\/span> son<\/span> stock<\/span> d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne<\/span> en<\/span> h\u00e9lium<\/span> depuis<\/span> une<\/span> \u00e9ternit\u00e9.<\/span> M\u00eame<\/span> raisonnement<\/span> pour <\/span>l\u2019Univers entier, <\/span>qui est <\/span>un <\/span>ensemble fini de<\/span> galaxies.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est dire que, parler d\u2019une \u00e9ternit\u00e9 du soleil, d\u2019une <\/span>\u00e9toile <\/span>quelconque, <\/span>d\u2019un<\/span> ensemble d\u2019\u00e9toiles,<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> savoir<\/span> une<\/span> galaxie,<\/span> ou<\/span> d\u2019un<\/span> ensemble<\/span> de<\/span> galaxies,<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> savoir<\/span> l\u2019Univers,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> bruiter<\/span> une<\/span> apparence de paroles comme disait le vieux <\/span>Claudel. C\u2019est prononcer <\/span>des <\/span>phrases <\/span>qui <\/span>n\u2019ont <\/span>pas<\/span> de sens physique.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> alors<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> lui-m\u00eame<\/span> puisque<\/span> par<\/span> hypoth\u00e8se<\/span> il<\/span> n\u2019y<\/span> en<\/span> a pas d\u2019autre. S\u2019il est l\u2019\u00catre lui-m\u00eame, alors il ne doit pas avoir commenc\u00e9, il ne doit pas \u00e9voluer,<\/span> il ne doit pas vieillir, il ne doit pas s\u2019user, il ne doit pas se<\/span> d\u00e9grader.<\/span><\/p>\n

Or l\u2019Univers est un syst\u00e8me physique dans lequel toutes les compositions physiques<\/span> s\u2019usent, vieillissent<\/span> et<\/span> se<\/span> d\u00e9gradent<\/span> d\u2019une<\/span> mani\u00e8re<\/span> irr\u00e9versible.<\/span> L\u2019Univers<\/span> est<\/span> en<\/span> r\u00e9gime<\/span> de<\/span> vieillissement continu\u00e9 tout comme il est en r\u00e9gime de gen\u00e8se<\/span> continu\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent l\u2019ath\u00e9isme n\u2019est pas<\/span> vrai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e8s<\/span> amusante<\/span> encore<\/span> a<\/span> \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> au<\/span> XIX<\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle<\/span> et<\/span> au<\/span> d\u00e9but<\/span> du<\/span> XX<\/span>e<\/span><\/span><\/sup> la<\/span> r\u00e9sistance<\/span> acharn\u00e9e<\/span> des tenants de l\u2019ath\u00e9isme \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de cette d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une usure, d\u2019un vieillissement<\/span> irr\u00e9versible de toutes les structures physiques, de toutes les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s physiques, dans l\u2019Univers. On trouve<\/span> chez le<\/span> philosophe<\/span> allemand<\/span> Friedrich<\/span> Nietzsche<\/span> des<\/span> paralogismes<\/span> de<\/span> premi\u00e8re<\/span> grandeur<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> ce<\/span> sujet<\/span> et chez l\u2019ami de Marx, Friedrich Engels de m\u00eame, ainsi que chez l\u2019illustre zoologiste Ernest Haeckel.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> ne<\/span> peut<\/span> supporter<\/span> ni<\/span> le<\/span> commencement<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019astrophysique<\/span> est<\/span> en train<\/span> d\u2019\u00e9tablir,<\/span> ni<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9volution,<\/span> la<\/span> gen\u00e8se<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019Univers<\/span> qui<\/span> est<\/span> le<\/span> fait<\/span> le<\/span> plus<\/span> universel<\/span> \u2014<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> le<\/span> cas de le dire \u2014 qui s\u2019impose d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 nous en cette fin du XX<\/span>e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/sup>si\u00e8cle, ni l\u2019usure irr\u00e9versible et<\/span> le vieillissement de<\/span> l\u2019Univers.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u2019est dire que l\u2019ath\u00e9isme ne peut pas supporter l\u2019Univers r\u00e9el du tout\u00a0! L\u2019ath\u00e9isme affirme<\/span> de l\u2019Univers<\/span> qu\u2019il<\/span> est<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre,<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> lui-m\u00eame,<\/span> le<\/span> seul<\/span> \u00eatre,<\/span> l\u2019\u00eatre<\/span> pris<\/span> absolument.<\/span> Il<\/span> lui<\/span> attribue,<\/span> il<\/span> lui conf\u00e8re<\/span> arbitrairement<\/span> tous<\/span> les<\/span> caract\u00e8res<\/span> que<\/span> le<\/span> vieux<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide<\/span> attribuait<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> tel<\/span> qu\u2019il l\u2019entendait. Mais l\u2019ath\u00e9isme ne peut pas supporter les d\u00e9couvertes exp\u00e9rimentales que les<\/span> sciences de l\u2019Univers et de la Nature accumulent depuis plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle. L\u2019ath\u00e9isme ne peut pas<\/span> supporter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019Univers r\u00e9el, tel qu\u2019il est, avec ses<\/span> innombrables<\/span> commencements, <\/span>sa <\/span>gen\u00e8se, <\/span>son <\/span>\u00e9volution irr\u00e9versible, <\/span>son <\/span>vieillissement <\/span>et <\/span>son usure <\/span>irr\u00e9versibles<\/span> eux aussi<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> pr\u00e9f\u00e8re<\/span> d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment<\/span> le<\/span> vieux<\/span> mythe<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9ternel<\/span> retour<\/span> que<\/span> Friedrich<\/span> Nietzsche<\/span> a repris d\u2019antiques <\/span>sectes religieuses iraniennes, <\/span>ou de <\/span>l\u2019\u00e9ternel <\/span>cycle <\/span>de la mati\u00e8re en mouvement<\/span> que <\/span>Engels a repris \u00e0<\/span> H\u00e9raclite<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e9cid\u00e9ment, <\/span>pour <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme, l\u2019Univers <\/span>r\u00e9el, <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>physique est <\/span>en trop. <\/i><\/span>C\u2019est bien ce<\/span> que d\u00e9clare<\/span> l\u2019un<\/span> des<\/span> plus<\/span> illustres<\/span> repr\u00e9sentants<\/span> de<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> moderne,<\/span> Jean-Paul<\/span> Sartre.<\/span> En<\/span> trop<\/span> par <\/span>rapport<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> quoi\u00a0?<\/span> En<\/span> trop<\/span> par<\/span> rapport<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> pos\u00e9<\/span> en<\/span> dogme<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> priori.<\/span> Si<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> vrai,<\/span> alors<\/span> l\u2019Univers <\/span>est <\/span>en <\/span>trop, <\/span>il <\/span>devrait, <\/span>pour bien <\/span>faire, <\/span>ne pas <\/span>exister, <\/span>et <\/span>surtout <\/span>ne pas exister tel que de<\/span> fait<\/span> il existe. Il aurait d\u00fb demander \u00e0 Engels, \u00e0 Nietzsche, \u00e0 <\/span>Sartre <\/span>de <\/span>quelle mani\u00e8re <\/span>il <\/span>aurait <\/span>d\u00fb<\/span> exister pour \u00eatre <\/span>tol\u00e9rable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Il<\/span> fut<\/span> un<\/span> temps<\/span> o\u00f9<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> pr\u00e9tendait<\/span> avoir<\/span> partie<\/span> li\u00e9e<\/span> avec<\/span> la<\/span> science.<\/span> Il <\/span>faut<\/span> bien<\/span> en <\/span>convenir aujourd\u2019hui\u00a0<\/span>: <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme <\/span>a <\/span>partie li\u00e9e <\/span>avec <\/span>la <\/span>mythologie <\/span>et <\/span>avec les <\/span>philosophies<\/span> de <\/span>l\u2019irrationnel. <\/span>Ce <\/span>n\u2019est plus une <\/span>philosophie, <\/span>c\u2019est l\u2019expression d\u2019une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence subjective, c\u2019est<\/span> une foi<\/span> irrationnelle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le<\/span> rationalisme,<\/span> c\u2019est<\/span> le<\/span> monoth\u00e9isme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dire <\/span>que <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>est <\/span>l\u2019\u00eatre pris absolument, <\/span>ou le seul \u00eatre, dire <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>ce que<\/span> Parm\u00e9nide disait <\/span>de l\u2019\u00catre, <\/span>cela <\/span>implique contradiction <\/span>si <\/span>l\u2019on tient compte <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019exp\u00e9rience. <\/span>Car l\u2019Univers<\/span> de<\/span> notre exp\u00e9rience <\/span>ne <\/span>correspond <\/span>pas \u00e0 ce que l\u2019ath\u00e9isme exige de<\/span> lui.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mais<\/span> nos<\/span> petits<\/span> ath\u00e9es<\/span> d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui<\/span> ne<\/span> se<\/span> pr\u00e9occupent<\/span> pas<\/span> de<\/span> savoir<\/span> si<\/span> ce<\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span> disent<\/span> est<\/span> pensable, <\/span>ni si <\/span>cela correspond <\/span>\u00e0 la <\/span>r\u00e9alit\u00e9 objective. <\/span>Ils <\/span>expriment leurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences. C\u2019est ainsi<\/span> qu\u2019ils<\/span> entendent<\/span> la<\/span> philosophie.<\/span> Comme<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9crivait<\/span> Voltaire<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> Madame<\/span> du<\/span> Deffand<\/span> le<\/span> 3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>avril<\/span> 1769<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> \u00ab\u00a0<\/span>Les<\/span> ath\u00e9es<\/span> de<\/span> ce<\/span> temps<\/span> ne<\/span> valent<\/span> pas<\/span> ceux<\/span> du<\/span> temps<\/span> pass\u00e9\u2026\u00a0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

On<\/span> voit<\/span> subsidiairement<\/span> par<\/span> cette<\/span> analyse<\/span> que<\/span> l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> a<\/span> toujours<\/span> consist\u00e9<\/span> et<\/span> consiste<\/span> toujours<\/span> \u00e0 attribuer ou \u00e0 <\/span>conf\u00e9rer <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>l\u2019Univers physique <\/span>les <\/span>caract\u00e8res <\/span>qui conviennent <\/span>\u00e0 l\u2019\u00catre pris<\/span> absolument ou<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> l\u2019\u00catre<\/span> absolu,<\/span> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<\/span> \u00e0<\/span> Dieu<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>:<\/span> la<\/span> suffisance<\/span> ontologique,<\/span> l\u2019as\u00e9it\u00e9,<\/span> l\u2019\u00e9ternit\u00e9,<\/span> l\u2019immutabilit\u00e9,<\/span> l\u2019inusabilit\u00e9. C\u2019est bien ce qu\u2019ont toujours <\/span>pens\u00e9 les <\/span>vieux <\/span>th\u00e9ologiens <\/span>h\u00e9breux\u00a0<\/span>: <\/span>l\u2019ath\u00e9isme<\/span> est<\/span> secr\u00e8tement <\/span>ou <\/span>d\u2019une mani\u00e8re avou\u00e9e <\/span>une <\/span>idol\u00e2trie, <\/span>le <\/span>culte <\/span>ou <\/span>l\u2019adoration <\/span>de <\/span>l\u2019Univers <\/span>ou <\/span>de<\/span> la Nature <\/span>divinis\u00e9e. <\/span>C\u2019est <\/span>ce qu\u2019\u00e9crit aussi <\/span>un rabbin <\/span>pharisien <\/span>qui est <\/span>devenu disciple <\/span>de Ieschoua<\/span> de<\/span> Nazareth, le rabbin Schaoul de Tarse, <\/span>Paulos <\/span>de son <\/span>surnom romain, <\/span>dans une lettre <\/span>qu\u2019il<\/span> \u00e9crivait<\/span> aux<\/span> chr\u00e9tiens<\/span> de<\/span> Rome,<\/span> en<\/span> 57<\/span> ou<\/span> 58<\/span> (Rm<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>1,18<\/span> sq.).<\/span><\/p>\n

16\u00a0<\/span>mars<\/span> 1981<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si l\u2019ath\u00e9isme est vrai, l\u2019Univers qui est l\u2019\u00eatre purement et simplement, doit avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9ternel dans le pass\u00e9, d\u2019une part, \u2014 ce que l\u2019astrophysique ne confirme pas, c\u2019est le moins que l\u2019on puisse dire. Et d\u2019autre part, il aurait d\u00fb rester ce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait, de toute \u00e9ternit\u00e9, et par exemple il y a dix-huit milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, il y a quinze milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, il y a dix milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Il n\u2019aurait pas d\u00fb \u00e9voluer, il n\u2019aurait pas d\u00fb se donner \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame ce qu\u2019il ne poss\u00e9dait pas auparavant\u00a0: des formes plus complexes de mati\u00e8re. Il n\u2019aurait pas d\u00fb inventer des mol\u00e9cules nouvelles, inou\u00efes, in\u00e9dites…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17574,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1419],"tags":[477,1420,140,108,928,298,2099,1029,99],"class_list":["post-20563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tresmontant-claude","tag-absolu","tag-atheisme","tag-etre","tag-evolution","tag-information","tag-materialisme","tag-monotheisme","tag-rationalite","tag-science"],"yoast_head":"\nLe probl\u00e8me de l\u2019existence de Dieu par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revue3emillenaire.com\/blog\/le-probleme-de-lexistence-de-dieu-par-claude-tresmontant\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019existence de Dieu par Claude Tresmontant - 3e mill\u00e9naire - Spiritualit\u00e9 - Connaissance de soi - Non-dualit\u00e9 - M\u00e9ditation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si l\u2019ath\u00e9isme est vrai, l\u2019Univers qui est l\u2019\u00eatre purement et simplement, doit avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9ternel dans le pass\u00e9, d\u2019une part, \u2014 ce que l\u2019astrophysique ne confirme pas, c\u2019est le moins que l\u2019on puisse dire. Et d\u2019autre part, il aurait d\u00fb rester ce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait, de toute \u00e9ternit\u00e9, et par exemple il y a dix-huit milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, il y a quinze milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es, il y a dix milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Il n\u2019aurait pas d\u00fb \u00e9voluer, il n\u2019aurait pas d\u00fb se donner \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame ce qu\u2019il ne poss\u00e9dait pas auparavant\u00a0: des formes plus complexes de mati\u00e8re. 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